Table 2 Clinical features of seven patients with spontaneous cervicocephalic arterial dissection
From: Spontaneous cervicocephalic arterial dissection with headache and neck pain as the only symptom
Case | Age (years) | Sex | Risk factors | Dissected vessel | Imaging findings | Characteristics of head and neck pain | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Site | Mode of onset | Severity | Persistence | Nature | Duration | ||||||
1 | 35 | F | None | Left VA (V4) (intracranial) | MRA, MRA source image: pearl and string sign 3D-CTA: not performed Cerebral angiography: pearl sign Cervical artery ultrasound: not performed | Bilateral posterior cervical, deep orbital | Acute | Severe | Intermittent | Constrictive | 9 days |
2 | 51 | F | HL | Right VA (V4) (intracranial) | MRA, MRA source image: double lumen 3D-CTA: pearl sign Cerebral angiography: not performed Cervical artery ultrasound: no findings | Right posterior cervical | Acute | Severe | Continuous | Throbbing | 25 days |
3 | 79 | M | HT, HC, smoker | Right ICA (intracranial) | MRA, MRA source image: pearl and string sign 3D-CTA: not performed Cerebral angiography: not performed Cervical artery ultrasound: no findings | Right temporal | Thunderclap | Severe | Continuous | Constrictive | 1 day |
4 | 37 | M | HT, smoker | Right VA (V4) (intracranial) | MRA, MRA source image: double lumen 3D-CTA: string sign Cerebral angiography: not performed Cervical artery ultrasound: no finding | Right posterior cervical to occipital | Gradual | Severe | Intermittent | Throbbing | 3 months |
5 | 62 | M | HT, HC, smoker | Right VA (V4) (intracranial) | MRA, MRA source image: pearl and string sign 3D-CTA: pearl and string sign Cerebral angiography: pearl sign Cervical artery ultrasound: no findings | Right occipital | Acute | Severe | Continuous | Throbbing | 14 days |
6 | 36 | F | HL, migraine | Left ICA (extracranial) Left VA (V1) (extracranial) | MRA, MRA source image: double lumen 3D-CTA: string sign, intimal flap Cerebral angiography: not performed Cervical artery ultrasound: intimal flap | Left posterior cervical | Acute | Severe | Continuous | Throbbing | 20 days |
7 | 56 | F | HT, HC, migraine | Right VA (V4) (intracranial) | MRA, MRA source image: string sign 3D-CTA: not performed Cerebral angiography: pearl sign Cervical artery ultrasound: not performed | Right posterior cervical | Acute | Severe | Continuous | Throbbing | 3 months |