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Table 3 Drinking frequency and odds ratio of migraine and tension-type headache in comparison with other headaches according to alcohol flushing

From: Interactions between migraine and tension-type headache and alcohol drinking, alcohol flushing, and hangover in Japanese

 

Age-adjusted OR (95% CI) in comparison with other headaches

Frequency of alcohol drinking

P for trend

+1 category of drinking frequency

P for difference in OR

None

Sometimes/1–3 days/week

4–6 days/week

Every day

Men

 Migraine

  Never flushers

1 (ref.)

0.71 (0.18–2.83)

0.63 (0.15–2.70)

0.67 (0.16–2.86)

0.680

0.92 (0.61–1.38)

0.039

  Current/past flushers

1 (ref.)

0.51 (0.25–1.06)

0.11 (0.02–0.87)

0.12 (0.02–0.92)

0.001

0.45 (0.28–0.74)

 Tension-type headache

  Never flushers

1 (ref.)

2.04 (0.65–6.41)

1.57 (0.49–5.06)

0.99 (0.30–3.25)

0.082

0.80 (0.62–1.03)

0.810

  Current/past flushers

1 (ref.)

0.83 (0.51–1.33)

0.40 (0.17–0.91)

0.71 (0.36–1.43)

0.092

0.83 (0.66–1.03)

Women

 Migraine

  Never flushers

1 (ref.)

1.04 (0.67–1.61)

0.41 (0.19–0.85)

1.01 (0.44–2.31)

0.185

0.85 (0.67–1.08)

0.532

  Current/past flushers

1 (ref.)

0.68 (0.46–1.02)

0.91 (0.30–2.70)

0.39 (0.08–1.81)

0.060

0.75 (0.56–1.01)

 Tension-type headache

  Never flushers

1 (ref.)

1.18 (0.75–1.85)

1.13 (0.62–2.05)

1.99 (0.95–4.16)

0.143

1.18 (0.95–1.46)

0.317

  Current/past flushers

1 (ref.)

0.75 (0.50–1.14)

1.24 (0.44–3.48)

1.35 (0.48–3.86)

0.863

0.98 (0.74–1.29)

Both sexes

 Migraine

  Never flushers

1 (ref.)

0.97 (0.64–1.48)

0.49 (0.27–0.91)

0.76 (0.40–1.47)

0.096

0.84 (0.68–1.03)

0.104

  Current/past flushers

1 (ref.)

0.64 (0.45–0.90)

0.43 (0.18–1.06)

0.23 (0.07–0.76)

<0.001

0.63 (0.49–0.81)

 Tension-type headache

  Never flushers

1 (ref.)

1.32 (0.87–1.99)

1.21 (0.74–1.98)

1.06 (0.61–1.82)

0.942

0.99 (0.84–1.17)

0.724

  Current/past flushers

1 (ref.)

0.79 (0.58–1.07)

0.58 (0.31–1.09)

0.85 (0.48–1.50)

0.142

0.88 (0.74–1.04)

  1. ORs were calculated by the multiple logistic regression model adjusted for age (and sex)
  2. OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval