Fig. 5

a Regulation of the pERK, pp38 and pJNK in fresh TG tissue compared with tissue incubation and tissue incubation with U0126. There is increased fluorescence intensity, interpreted as an upregulation, of all three pathways after incubating the tissue comparing with the fresh state. Furthermore, an additional fluorescence intensity increase is seen for pERK and pp38 after co-incubation with U0126. This increase is quenched in the case of pJNK. Data were tested using one-way ANOVA, and post tested with Tukey’s multiple comparison test. Data are presented as ±standard error of the mean (SEM) **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. b Phosphorylated ERP (pERK) localization in TG tissue as fresh, cultured and cultured in the presence of U0126. In the fresh condition most pERK was localized to the nucleus of the neuron (arrowheads). In the cultured ganglia pERK relocated and was found in the cytoplasm of large- and small-size neurons (arrows). The TG tissue co-incubated with U0126 had pERK located to the cytoplasm of large and small neurons, some SGC (arrows) and to nucleus of the neurons (arrowheads). Scale bar 20 μm (Blue colour the nuclear-specific stain DAPI, red colour pERK) (colour figure online)