Headache, anxiety and depressive disorders: the HADAS study

Table 2 Main headache characteristics by diagnostic category

Variable	Total	Migraine without aura		Tension-type headache		Migraine and tension-type headache
Variable	Total	N	%	N	%	N	%
Age at onset (year)*
<10	29	13	8.2	6	5.5	10	9.5
10–19	151	70	44.3	29	26.4	52	49.5
20–29	109	46	29.1	29	26.4	34	32.4
30–39	45	20	12.7	18	16.4	7	6.7
40+	39	9	5.7	28	25.5	2	1.9
NS	1	–		–		1
Disease duration (year)*
≤1	21	3	1.9	17	15.7	1	1.0
2–4	47	13	8.4	20	18.5	14	13.7
5–9	53	22	14.2	22	20.4	9	8.8
10–19	99	47	30.3	24	22.2	28	27.5
20–29	83	44	28.4	12	11.1	27	26.5
≥30	62	26	16.8	13	12.0	23	22.5
NS	9	3		2		4
Number of attacks/month*
1–2	89	39	25.0	7	6.9	43	41.3
3–4	120	72	46.2	16	15.8	32	30.8
>4	152	45	28.8	78	77.2	29	27.9
NS	13	2		9		2
Duration of attacks (h)**
<3	10	6	3.8	4	3.7	–	–
3–4	34	17	10.9	12	11.1	5	4.9
5–24	184	77	49.4	59	54.6	48	47.1
25–72	123	54	34.6	24	22.2	45	44.1
>72	15	2	1.3	9	8.3	4	3.9
NS	8	2		2		4
Severity of attacks*
Mild	42	1	0.7	41	38.7	–	–
Moderate	108	40	26.3	51	48.1	17	16.7
Severe	186	101	66.4	12	11.3	73	71.6
Very severe	24	10	6.6	2	1.9	12	11.8
NS	14	6		4		4
Autonomic symptoms^a
Photophobia	214	131	83.4	NS	NS	83	81.4
Phonophobia	206	129	82.2	NS	NS	77	75.5
Nausea	220	133	84.7	NS	NS	87	85.3
Vomiting	91	61	38.9	NS	NS	30	29.4
Other	48	32	20.4	NS	NS	16	15.7
Provoking factors***^a
Alimentary	20	10	6.4	1	0.9	9	8.7
Emotions	77	32	20.4	32	29.1	13	12.6
Stress	212	91	58.0	63	57.3	58	56.3
Noise	20	8	5.1	6	5.5	6	5.8
Other	111	58	36.9	26	23.6	27	26.2
Functional disability*
None	16	4	2.5	12	10.9	–	–
Mild	93	12	7.6	72	65.5	9	8.7
Moderate	160	80	51.0	22	20.0	58	55.8
Severe	102	61	38.9	4	3.6	37	35.6
NS	3	1		–		2

ISSN: 1129-2377