Table 1 Clinical features of cardiac cephalgias
From: Cardiac cephalgia
Author | Age/sex | Site | Quality | Intensity | Onset | Duration | Associated autonomic signs | Symptoms of angina | Trigger | Therapy | Follow-up | Risk factors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Caskey [21] | 47/M | Right eye | Pressing | Severe | NA | 30–40 s | None | Chest pain, left arm pain | Rest, mild exercise | Nitrates | Resolution | A |
Lefkowitz [23] | 62/M | Bregmatic | Explosive | Severe | NA | NA | NA | Retrosternal pain, arm numbness | Stress, exertion | Bypass surgery | Resolution | A |
Fleetcroft [27] | 78/F | Frontal | NA | NA | NA | NA | None | Chest tightness | Mild exercise, cold, meal | Nitrates | Resolution | A |
Blacky [24] | 40/M | Bitemporal | NA | NA | NA | NA | None | None | Vigorous exercise | Nitrates | Resolution | A |
Vernay [14] | 71/M | Occipital parietal frontal | NA | NA | NA | NA | None | Shoulder pain radiating to arms | Exertion, exercise, meal | Nitrates | Resolution | A, S |
Bowen [9] | 59/M | Bitemporal | NA | Severe | Sudden | 10–30 min | None | Chest pressure, left arm pain | NA | PTCA | Resolution | A, S, O, H, L |
Ishida [17] | 64/M | Occipital | Throbbing | Severe | Sudden | 10 h | Nausea | Shoulder pain | Rest | PTCA | Resolution | A, S |
Lipton [22] | 57/M | Vertex | Sharp or shooting | Severe | Gradual | Minutes–hoursa | Nausea | Abdominal or chest pain | Vigorous exercise, sexual activity | Bypass surgery | Resolution | A, S |
Lipton [22] | 67/M | Bifrontal | Squeezy, steadily pressing | Severe | Gradual | Minutes–hoursa | None | None | Vigorous exercise | PTCA | Resolution | A, H |
Grace [7] | 59/M | Vertex occipital | Bursting | Severe | Sudden | Secondsa | None | None | Mild exercise | Bypass surgery | Relapse | A |
Lance [12] | 67/M | Right frontal | NA | NA | Gradual | Minutesa | None | Chest pain | Mild exercise | Bypass surgery | Resolution | A, S, L |
Lanza [26] | 68/M | Occipital | NA | NA | NA | NA | None | Shoulder pain | Rest | Bypass surgery | Resolution | A, S, L |
Amendo [10] | 77/F | Right frontal and maxillary | NA | Severe | NA | Hours | None | None | NA | NA | NA | A |
Amendo [10] | 78/F | Bitemporal | NA | Severe | NA | Hours | Vomiting | None | NA | Bypass surgery | Resolution | A, H, L |
Auer [15] | 47/M | Occipital | NA | NA | NA | Minutes–2 h | NA | NA | NA | Advanced life support | Death | A, S, L |
Rambihar [28] | 56/F | Occipital | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | Shoulder and left arm pain | Exercise, meal | Bypass surgery | Partial resolution | A |
Famularo [16] | 70/M | Fronto-parietal bilateral | Sharp or shooting | Severe | NA | 2 days | None | Midepigastric pain | NA | Nitrates | Resolution | A, S, H |
Gutierrez [8] | 59/M | Vertex occipital bilateral | Dull and throbbing | Moderate-severe | Rapidly progressive | 1 day | Nausea photophobia phonophobia | Chest pain | Rest | Nitrates | Resolution | A, H, L |
Martinez [4] | 68/F | Left hemicranial | Shooting | Severe | Gradual | 1 ha | None | None | Mild exercise, exertion | PTCA | Resolution | A, S, D, H |
Sathirapanya [13] | 58/M | Left occipital | Sharp or shooting | Severe | NA | 15–20 min | None | Chest tightness | Rest, exercise | Bypass surgery | Resolution | A, S |
Chen [25] | 76/M | Bitemporal | Non-throbbing | Mild-severe | NA | 5 min | None | Chest pain | Rest, exertion | Nitrates | Resolution | A, H |
Gutierrez [5] | 74/F | Bitemporal | Pulsating | NA | NA | Minutes–hours | Nausea | Chest tightness | Rest | Nitrates | Resolution | A, O, D |
Gutierrez [5] | 64/F | Uni- or bilateral | Oppressive | Severe | Sudden | 1 h | None | None | Rest, mild exercise | NA | Death | A, H, L |
Korantzopoulos [11] | 73/F | Occipital | Sharp | Severe | Sudden | 1 h | Nausea vomiting | None | Rest | Nitrates | Resolution | A, H, L, O |
Cutrer [6] | 55/M | Biparietal | Non-throbbing | NA | Gradual | Minutesa | None | None | Mild exercise, sexual activity | PTCA | Resolution | A, H, L, O, S |
Greiner [18] | 50/F | NA | NA | Severe | Sudden | NA | Collapse | None | NA | NA | Death | NONE |
Seow [19] | 35/M | NA | Explosive | Severe | Gradual | 1 day | Vomiting cold sweating | None | NA | NA | Resolution | S |
Broner [20] | 72/F | Occipital frontal bilateral | Sharp and throbbing | Mild-severe | Sudden | Hours | Nausea vomiting pallor | None | Rest, exercise | Heparin | Resolution | A, D, L |
Wei [29] | 36/M | Vertex occipital bilateral | Dull | Severe | Rapidly progressive | NA | NA | NA | NA | PTCA | Resolution | S |
Wei [29] | 85/F | Right eye | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | Chest pain | Exercise | Nitrates | Resolution | A |