Similarities in stress physiology among patients with chronic pain and headache disorders: evidence for a common pathophysiological mechanism?

Leistad, Rune Bang; Nilsen, Kristian Bernhard; Stovner, Lars Jacob; Westgaard, Rolf Harald; Rø, Magne; Sand, Trond

doi:10.1007/s10194-008-0029-7

Table 2 Early response (F₂), adaptation during stress (F₆) and recovery from stress (F₃/F₄)

Migraine versus FMS	Migraine versus SNP	TTH versus FMS	TTH versus SNP	Chronic pain patients versus episodic pain patients and controls	Headache patients versus musculoskeletal pain patients
Systolic blood pressure
F₂ = 2.39, P = 0.13	F₂ = 0.18, P = 0.67	F₂ = 0.19, P = 0.67	F₂ = 0.45, P = 0.51	F₂ = 0.59, P = 0.45	F₂ = 0.35, P = 0.56
F₆ = 2.23, P = 0.079	F₆ = 1.45, P = 0.23	F₆ = 0.20, P = 0.93	F₆ = 0.31, P = 0.83	F ₆ = 2.94, P = 0.028	F₆ = 0.66, P = 0.59
F₃ = 0.005, P = 0.995	F₃ = 0.48, P = 0.59	F₃ = 0.56, P = 0.55	F₃ = 1.21, P = 0.30	F₃ = 0.40, P = 0.66	F₃ = 0.81, P = 0.44
Diastolic blood pressure
F₂ = 1.19, P = 0.28	F₂ = 0.28, P = 0.59	F₂ = 0.02, P = 0.88	F₂ = 0.32, P = 0.57	F₂ = 1.37, P = 0.25	F₂ = 0.26, P = 0.61
F₆ = 1.89, P = 0.14	F₆ = 1.03, P = 0.39	F₆ = 0.44, P = 0.77	F₆ = 0.31, P = 0.87	F ₆ = 2.72, P = 0.036	F₆ = 0.99, P = 0.41
F₃ = 0.66, P = 0.51	F₃ = 1.17, P = 0.31	F₃ = 0.57, P = 0.54	F₃ = 1.44, P = 0.24	F₃ = 0.57, P = 0.53	F₃ = 1.70, P = 0.20
Heart rate
F ₂ = 7.33, P = 0.01	F₂ = 2.8, P = 0.10	F₂ = 0.78, P = 0.38	F₂ = 0.02, P = 0.90	F ₂ = 9.80, P = 0.002	F₂ = 3.39, P = 0.07
F₆ = 1.15, P = 0.33	F₆ = 0.43, P = 0.65	F₆ = 2.05, P = 0.11	F₆ = 1.42, P = 0.25	F₆ = 2.58, P = 0.075	F₆ = 1.02, P = 0.37
F₃ = 0.74, P = 0.48	F₃ = 0.26, P = 0.77	F₃ = 0.38, P = 0.69	F₃ = 0.005, P = 0.995	F₃ = 0.28, P = 0.76	F₃ = 0.29, P = 0.75
Finger skin blood flow
F₂ = 0.17, P = 0.68	F₂ = 0.004, P = 0.95	F₂ = 0.16, P = 0.69	F₂ = 0.001, P = 0.98	F₂ = 0.44, P = 0.51	F₂ = 0.08, P = 0.78
F ₆ = 3.43, P = 0.021	F₆ = 1.29, P = 0.28	F₆ = 2.52, P = 0.072	F₆ = 0.63, P = 0.59	F ₆ = 3.93, P = 0.012	F ₆ = 3.15, P = 0.028
F₃ = 3.27, P = 0.05	F ₃ = 4.99, P = 0.01	F₃ = 0.03, P = 0.94	F₃ = 0.05, P = 0.95	F ₃ = 4.93, P = 0.01	F₃ = 2.39, P = 0.10
Maximal pain
F₂ = 2.75, P = 0.105	F₂ = 2.10, P = 0.15	F₂ = 0.12, P = 0.73	F₂ < 0.0005, P = 0.99	F ₂ = 4.01, P = 0.047	F₂ = 1.46, P = 0.23
F₆ = 1.02, P = 0.38	F₆ = 0.70, P = 0.54	F ₆ = 3.25, P = 0.025	F ₆ = 3.10, P = 0.033	F₆ = 0.52, P = 0.65	F₆ = 0.90, P = 0.44
F₄ = 0.23, P = 0.75	F₄ = 1.18, P = 0.31	F₄ = 0.21, P = 0.79	F₄ = 0.57, P = 0.61	F₄ = 0.75, P = 0.46	F₄ = 0.73, P = 0.48

F-statistics shown for group × time interactions in two-group repeated measures ANOVA models
FMS fibromyalgia syndrome, SNP shoulder/neck pain, TTH tension-type headache
F₂ repeated measures ANOVA model with two intervals during the early stage of the stressful task (baseline and 0–10 min), F₆ model with six intervals during the stressful task (0–60 min), F₃/F₄ model with three intervals (four intervals for pain) during recovery (65–95 min), P probabilities were adjusted for non-sphericity with Huyhn–Feldt’s method. Significant interactions in bold

Back to article page

ISSN: 1129-2377

Contact us

Submission enquiries: journalsubmissions@springernature.com

The Journal of Headache and Pain

Contact us