Table 1 A list of proposed (and provisional) syndromic migraines
From: The primary headaches: genetics, epigenetics and a behavioural genetic model
Syndromic migraines | Genes (chromosome) involved | Migrainous features (references) |
|---|---|---|
MELAS (mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes) | MTTL1,MTTQ,MTTH,MTTK,MTTS1,MTND1,MTND5,MTND6, andMTTS2 (mtDNA) | Most frequent symptom: episodic sudden headache with vomiting and convulsions [63, 64] |
CADASIL (cerebral arteriopathy, autosomal dominant, with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy) | NOTCH 3 (19p13.2–p13.1) | |
HERNS (retinopathy, vascular, with cerebral and renal involvement and Raynaud and migraine phenomena) | TREX1 (3p21.3–p21.2) | Migraine in 70% [67] |
CCM (familial cerebral cavernous malformations) | KRYT 1 (7q11.2–q21) |