Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients enrolled in the study

Inclusion criteria

a) age > 18, < 65 years

b) ICHD-III criteria for CM + MO²

a) age > 18, < 65 years

b) ICHD-III criteria for EM²

c) migraine duration ≥ 10 years

d) no history of CM

age > 18, < 65 years

Exclusion criteria

a) dementia

b) psychosis

c) mental retardation

a) dementia

b) psychosis

c) mental retardation

a) personal or family history of migraine

b) dementia

c) psychosis

d) mental retardation

Age

43.89 ± 8.94^*

41.54 ± 10.43

38.00 ± 11.88^*

Gender (female %)

83%

84%

66%

Years of education

13.29 ± 3.48

14.39 ± 2.76

14.00 ± 3.13

Vocabulary

46.18 ± 2.44

45.95 ± 2.79

45.76 ± 2.48

Age at onset (years)

14.35 ± 8.04

16.44 ± 8.29

-

Duration of chronic headache (months)

68.29 ± 67.32

-

-

Days with headache per month

26.22 ± 4.76

6.48 ± 2.85

-

Days with intake per month

24.20 ± 5.71

-

-

Drug doses per month

41.01 ± 28.62

-

-

Class of overused acute drug

-

-

 NSAIDs

18%

-

-

 Triptans

24%

-

-

 Combination

50%

-

-

 Multiple drug classes

8%

-

-

Patients on prophylaxis treatment

38%

-

-

 Amitriptyline

22%

-

-

 Propranolol

10%

 Venlafaxine

3%

-

-

 Topiramate

6%

-

-