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Table 2 Sonographic variables of patients with migraine and controls

From: Periaqueductal gray matter echogenicity as a marker of migraine chronification: a case control study

 

Controls (n = 50)

Migraine patients (n = 65)

CM (n = 39)

EM (n = 26)

Controls vs migraine patients

Controls vs CM

Controls vs EM

CM vs EM

Bed-side analysis

 PAG area

0.12

[0.09;0.15]

0.13

[0.11;0.17]

0.15

[0.12;0.22]

0.11

[0.10;0.14]

0,043*

0,004*

0,895

0.017

 Right RN

0.06

[0.05;0.08]

0.05

[0.04;0.07]

0.05

[0.04;0.07]

0.06

[0.05;0.07]

0,281

0,336

0,369

0.940

 Left RN

0.07

[0.05;0.09]

0.07

[0.05;0.08]

0.07

[0.05;0.09]

0.06

[0.05;0.08]

0,868

0,962

0,782

0.763

 Right SN area

0.09

[0.07;0.12]

0.10

[0.08;0.13]

0.11

[0.08;0.14]

0.10

[0.07;0.12]

0,082

0,013*

0,935

0.127

 Left SN area

0.11

[0.08;0.13]

0.11

[0.09;0.13]

0.11

[0.09;0.14]

0.10

[0.08;0.13]

0,793

0,478

0,697

0.308

 IIIv size

0.33

[0.27;0.45]

0.29

[0.21;0.44]

0.29

[0.21;0.46]

0.30

[0.25;0.38]

0,092

0,13

0,205

0.914

 Right horn LV

1.40

[1.26;1.55]

1.45

[1.32;1.60]

1.54

[1.40;1.60]

1.39

[1.25;1.47]

0,367

0,06

0,535

0.026*

 Left horn LV

1.50

[1.32;1.68]

1.49

[1.35;1.67]

1.49

[1.31;1.60]

1.54

[1.35;1.68]

0,771

0,868

0,462

0.352

Horos analysis

 PAG area

0.13

[0.12;0.18]

0.16

[0.13;0.20]

0.16

[0.13;0.20]

0.17

[0.12;0.20]

0,038*

0,04*

0,191

0.650

 PAG echogenicity (intensity)

109.56

[83.30;122.64]

93.84

[71.34;117.26]

90.57

[70.87;117.26]

101.70

[76.44;115.17]

0,07

0,035*

0,457

0.221

 PAG echogenicity (CV)

25.40

[20.08;31.84]

29.26

[23.69;35.02]

32.24

[25.74;35.83]

25.84

[21.78;30.95]

0,12

0,009*

0,688

0.003*

 Right SN area

0.10

[0.08;0.14]

0.12

[0.10;0.15]

0.13

[0.09;0.14]

0.12

[0.10;0.15]

0,006*

0,09*

0,003*

0.260

 Rigth SN echogenicity (intensity)

82.87

[68.57;95.34]

79.76

[63.52;100.93]

79.76

[59.48;99.03]

80.80

[67.74;101.18]

0,96

0,769

0,8

0.743

 Rigth SN echogenicity (CV)

27.08

[20.92;33.90]

28.13

[22.45;37.52]

29.27

[20.37;40.22]

27.48

[23.30;34.00]

0,545

0,624

0,608

0,940

 Right RN area

0.07

[0.07;0.08]

0.08

[0.07;0.09]

0.08

[0.07;0.09]

0.08

[0.07;0.10]

0,954

0,96

0,838

0.612

 Rigth RN echogenicity (intensity)

85.54

[67.46;104.89]

69.61

[53.52;97.05]

75.59

[53.52;86.33]

61.56

[56.12;100.41]

0,062

0,077

0,15

1.000

 Rigth RN echogenicity (CV)

23.85

[20.04;29.51]

28,79

[20.59;31.83]

28.92

[22.10;32.81]

28.30

[26.43;30.69]

0,135

0,193

0,193

0.780

 Left SN area

0.10

[0.08;0.12]

0.11

[0.09;0.16]

0.11

[0.09;0.16]

0.12

[0.09;0.16]

0,01*

0,027*

0,033*

0.632

 Left SN echogenicity (intensity)

82.17

[55.90;102.12]

78.06

[62.68;95.60]

74.35

[64.13;94.45]

80.49

[61.23;106.43]

0,972

0,827

0,709

0.500

 Left SN echogenicity (CV)

26.39

[20.16;29.87]

28.43

[21.77;35.20]

28.43

[23.07;32.66]

27.07

[21.41;36.30]

0,163

0,179

0,348

0.848

 Left RN area

0.08

[0.05;0.09]

0.07

[0.05;0.10]

0.07

[0.06;0.08]

0.08

[0.05;0.11]

0,796

0,837

0,377

0.675

 Left RN echogenicity (intensity)

89.34

[73.36;108.69]

8.,45

[59.84;96.68]

85.47

[68.49;96.60]

76.00

[58.66;106.75]

0,235

0,268

0,377

0.884

 Left RN echogenicity (CV)

25.18

[22.07;37.25]

29.86

[22.80;55.92]

35.51

[24.82;64.38]

23.97

[21.06;31.34]

0,383

0,124

0,679

0.051

  1. CM Chronic migraine, EM Episodic migraine, SN Substantia igra, PAG Periaqueductal gray matter, IIIv Third ventricle size, LV Lateral ventricle, CV Coefficient of variation, RN Red nucleus.*p value < 0.05