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Table 1 Summary of individual studies and quality assessment scores

From: Cytokines in primary headache disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Year

Country

Condition(s) studied

ICHD criteria

Setting

Cytokines studied

NOS

Covelli et al. [19]

1991

Italy

M & T

1

NR

TNF-α

4

Shimomura et al. [20]

1991

Japan

M & T

I

OP

IL-2

7

Martelletti et al. [21]

1993a

Italy

C

I

OP

IL-1β

8

Martelletti et al. [22]

1993b

Italy

M

I

IP

IL-4, IL-6 IFN-γ

8

Munno et al. [23]

1998

Italy

M

I

OP

IL-4, IL-8, IFN-γ

8

Martelletti et al. [24]

2001

Italy

M

I

NR

IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ

7

Empl et al. [25]

2003a

Germany

C

I

OP

IL-1β, IL-6

7

Empl et al. [26]

2003b

Germany

M

I

OP

IL-6, TNF-α

7

Sarchielli et al. [27]

2004

Italy

M

II

IP

IL-8

8

Perini et al. [28]

2005

Italy

M

I

OP

IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α

8

Ishizaki et al. [29]

2005

Japan

M & T

I

OP

TGF-β

8

Sarchielli et al. [30]

2006

Italy

M

II

IP

IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, TNF-α

8

Fidan et al. [31]

2006

Turkey

M

II

IP

IL-6, IL-10

7

Koçer et al. [32]

2009

Turkey

M

II

OP

IL-6

6

Bockowski et al. [33]

2009

Poland

M & T

II

IP

IL-1α, TNF-α

8

Koçer et al. [34]

2010

Turkey

T

II

OP

IL-8

8

Bockowski et al. [35]

2010

Poland

M & T

II

IP

IL-4, IL-10, IL-13

5

Uzar et al. [36]

2011

Turkey

M

II

IP

IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α

7

Güzel et al. [37]

2013

Turkey

M

II

OP

TGF-β

6

Della Vidova et al. [38]

2013

Australia

T

II

OP

IL-2, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, I IFN-γ, TGF-β, TNF-α

8

Wang et al. [39]

2015

China

M

II

OP

IL-6

8

Lee et al. [40]

2015

Taiwan

M

III

OP

IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10

8

Duarte et al. [41]

2015

Brazil

M

II

OP

IL-8

8

Domingues et al. [42]

2015

Brazil

T

II

OP

IL-8

6

Deitos et al. [43]

2015

Brazil

T

II

OP

IL-8, IL-12, TNF-α

5

Aydin et al. [44]

2015

Turkey

M

III

NR

IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α

7

Yucel et al. [45]

2016

Turkey

M

II

IP

IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α

7

Oliveira et al. [46]

2017

Brazil

M

II

OP

IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α

8

Michalak et al. [47]

2017

Poland

M

II

OP

TNF-α

8

Martami et al. [48]

2018

Iran

M

III

OP

IL-6, TNF-α

7

Dominguez et al. [49]

2018

Spain

M

III

OP

IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α

8

Han et al. [50]

2019

China

M

III

OP

IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α

7

Flook et al. [51]

2019

Spain

M

III

OP

IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-γ

3

Chaudhry et al. [52]

2019

Germany

M

III

NR

IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α

8

Togha et al. [53]

2020

Iran

M

III

OP

IL-6, TNF-α

8

Karaaslan et al. [54]

2020

Turkey

M

III

OP

IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α

7

Dönder et al. [55]

2021

Turkey

M

III

OP

IL-18

8

Cowan et al. [56]

2021

USA

M

III

OP

IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α

6

  1. IL-1α, IL-5, IL-12 and IL-13 were not used for meta-analysis as they were only reported in single studies for any of the comparisons of interest
  2. Abbreviations: C Cluster headache, ICHD International Classification of Headache Disorders, IP Inpatient, M Migraine, NOS Newcastle–Ottawa score, NR Not recorded, OP Outpatient, T Tension-type headache