Fig. 2
From: Shared and independent roles of CGRP and PACAP in migraine pathophysiology
Sites of CGRP, PACAP, and their receptors in the CNS and cranial structures. CGRP, PACAP and their receptors are present in meningeal and vascular cells [77,78,79,80], hypothalamus [75, 76], thalamus [75, 76], amygdala [76, 81,82,83], cerebellum [75, 76], cerebral cortex [75, 76], sphenopalantine ganglia (SPG) [84,85,86,87], bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BST) [81, 83, 88, 89], periaqueductal gray (PAG) [90,91,92], locus coeruleus (LC) [75, 76], trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC) [93,94,95], parabrachial nucleus (PBN) [81, 83, 96, 97], trigeminal ganglia (TG) [98,99,100], dorsal root ganglia (DRG) [98, 101,102,103], and spinal cord [91, 93, 104]. Peripheral cranial structures are indicated with a black circle. For peptides, location within a region indicates presence in cell bodies and/or fibers. Relative abundance or cellular resolution of the two peptides or their receptors have generally not been directly compared, with the exception of the TG and SPG, where the relative abundances of CGRP over PACAP in the TG and PACAP over CGRP in the SPG are indicated. For receptors, location in a region is a collective assessment of CGRP receptors (canonical CGRP, AMY1) and PACAP receptors (PAC1, VPAC1, VPAC2, MRGB2/B3/X2). Created with BioRender.com