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Table 1 Demographic characteristics and clinical data of participants in the three groups

From: Cerebral perfusion variance in new daily persistent headache and chronic migraine: an arterial spin-labeled MR imaging study

 

HC (n = 15)

CM (n = 18)

NDPH (n = 15)

P value

Age (years)

40.93 ± 9.11

41.61 ± 12.66

44.93 ± 17.15

0.677

Female, n (%)

8 (53.3)

11 (61.1)

7 (46.7)

0.707

BMI (kg/m2)

22.84 ± 2.92

23.44 ± 3.62

23.79 ± 3.63

0.746

Right-handers, n (%)

15 (100.0)

18 (100.0)

15 (100.0)

1.000

Headache laterality, n (%)

    

  Unilateral

NA

7 (38.9)

3 (20.0)

0.426

  Bilateral

NA

6 (33.3)

12 (80.0)

0.007**

  Shift

NA

5 (27.8)

0 (0.0)

NA

Location of headache, n (%)

    

  Frontal region

NA

10 (55.6)

5 (33.3)

0.202

  Temporal region

NA

14 (77.8)

11 (73.3)

> 0.999

  Parietal region

NA

12 (66.7)

9 (60.0)

0.692

  Occipital region

NA

10 (55.6)

6 (40.0)

0.373

  Periorbital region

NA

5 (27.8)

0 (0.0)

NA

Disease duration (years)

NA

20.44 ± 8.97

14.52 ± 14.23

0.155

Headache frequency, days/month

NA

30.00 (15.75–30.00)

NA

NA

Headache intensitya

NA

7.44 ± 1.38

5.67 ± 1.84

0.003**

Light sensitivity, n (%)

NA

16 (88.9)

8 (53.3)

0.047*

Noise sensitivity, n (%)

NA

15 (83.3)

9 (60.0)

0.239

Vomiting, n (%)

NA

10 (55.6)

2 (13.3)

0.012*

HIT-6 score (36–78)

NA

64.53 ± 9.64

64.36 ± 9.93

0.962

PHQ-9 score (0–27)

NA

7.50 (3.50–16.00)

10.00 (7.00–17.00)

0.247

GAD-7 score (0–21)

NA

4.50 (2.00–9.75)

6.00 (5.00–10.00)

0.140

PSQI score (0–21)

NA

9.86 ± 4.37

11.50 ± 3.55

0.284

  1. HC healthy control, NDPH new daily persistent headache, CM chronic migraine, NA not applicable. BMI body mass index, HIT-6 Headache Impact Test-6, PHQ-9 Patient Health Questionnaire-9, GAD-7 Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, PSQI Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, a Headache intensity on a 0–10 numerical rating scale. * P<0.05, ** P<0.01