Table 4 Other details about the included studies
Author | Limitations | Generalisability | Source of funding | Conflicts of interest |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Journal articles | ||||
 Batty AJ, et al. (2013), United Kingdom [16] | Placebo was not representative of standard care | Transferable | Allergan Inc., Irvine, CA. | Stated |
 Giannouchos TV, et al. (2019), Greece [17] | Limitations were mostly presented for the assumptions made in the model. | Context-specific | None | Stated |
 Hansson-Hedblom A, et al. (2020), Norway and Sweden [18] | The clinical trial may not be representative of everyday practice and physicians and participants may adjust treatment practices. The model was limited by only using MMD, and other dimensions of migraine, such as duration and severity, were not considered. | Context-specific | Allergan Norden, AB. | Stated |
 Hollier-Hann G, et al. (2020), United Kingdom [19] | Limitations included the assumptions made for the model including that treatment response, HRQoL and resource utilisation were based on MMD frequency alone. | Transferable | Allergan UK, Marlow, Buckinghamshire, UK | Stated |
 Lipton RB, et al. (2018), United States of America [20] | The model was created based on primary efficacy data from a mixed population of participants (EM and CM). There was also limited data beyond week 12 for CM participants. Also, treatment response, HRQoL and resource utilisation were based on MMD frequency alone.. | Context-specific | Amgen Inc. | Stated |
 Mahon R, et al. (2021), Sweden [21] | Limitations included the assumptions made for the model including that treatment response, HRQoL and resource utilisation were based on MMD frequency alone. | Context-specific | Novartis Pharma AG | Stated |
 Ruggeri et al. (2013), Italy [22] | Same limitations as Lipton, et al. (see above) and also the study used the UK tariff for the utility scores in the base model. | Transferable | Not stated | Stated |
 Sussman M, et al. (2018), United States of America [23] | Same limitations as Lipton, et al. (see above) | Context-specific | Amgen Inc. | Stated |
 Vekov (2019), Bulgaria [24] | Limitations were not stated | Context-specific | Not stated | Not stated |
Reports | ||||
 CADTH (Botox) (2019, Canada [25] | The severity of CM was not captured in the model and there was no good quality of comparative evidence. | Context-specific | Allergan | None |
 CADTH (Erenumab) (2019, Canada [26] | There was no good quality of comparative evidence. | Context-specific | Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada, Inc. | None |
 ICER (2018), United States of America [27] | Since the data was obtained from the trial, there was uncertainty about the long-term effectiveness of medicines. | Context-specific | Government and not-for-profit organisations | None |
 NICE: Erenumab (2019), United Kingdom [29] | Uncertainty due to not having long-term effectiveness data | Context-specific | Novartic Pharmaceutical UK Ltd. | None |
 NICE: Fremanezumab (2019), United Kingdom [28] | Uncertainty due to not having long-term effectiveness data. There was also a lack of granularity within the published data for Botox, which led to limitations within the network meta-analysis conducted to compare the efficacy of Fremanezumab and Botox. | Context-specific | Teva UK Limited. | None |
 NICE: Galcenzenumab (2020), United Kingdom [30] | The limitations included the model’s inability to capture the natural progression of diseases, the use of short-term estimates of mean change in monthly headache days, and response rates for extrapolating to different time horizons. | Context-specific | Eli Lilly and Company Limited | None |
 Warwick Evidence (2011), United Kingdom [31] | Limitations including limitation of the trial to deal with correlated data, predicted ED-5D scores and the integrity around utility scores. | Context-specific | NIHR, UK | None |