From: Behavioral and psychological factors in individuals with migraine without psychiatric comorbidities
Chronic migraine | Episodic migraine | Control | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sleep variables | Mean (SD) | F | p | η2p | ||
PSQI score | 8.25 (3.37) | 6.73 (3.59) | 5.59 (3.15) | 9.87 | < 0.001 | 0.096 |
PSQI subscale score | ||||||
Subjective sleep quality | 1.41 (0.78) | 1.36 (0.81) | 1.14 (0.81) | 2.04 | 0.13 | 0.022 |
Sleep latency | 1.34 (0.95) | 1.27 (0.96) | 0.97 (0.95) | 2.79 | 0.06 | 0.029 |
Sleep duration | 1.18 (0.79) | 0.98 (0.86) | 0.94 (0.73) | 1.64 | 0.20 | 0.017 |
Habitual sleep efficiency | 1.00 (1.16) | 0.72 (1.05) | 0.68 (0.95) | 1.71 | 0.18 | 0.018 |
Sleep disturbances | 1.66 (0.51) | 1.36 (0.57) | 1.28 (0.55) | 8.38 | < 0.001 | 0.083 |
Sleep medications | 0.77 (1.23) | 0.24 (0.78) | 0.22 (0.76) | 6.80 | 0.001 | 0.068 |
Daytime dysfunction | 0.80 (0.81) | 0.87 (0.71) | 0.48 (0.61) | 5.53 | 0.005 | 0.056 |
ISI score | 9.06 (5.91) | 7.71 (5.87) | 5.37 (4.53) | 7.53 | < 0.001 | 0.073 |
ESS score | 5.92 (4.91) | 6.15 (3.67) | 5.25 (3.68) | 0.85 | 0.43 | 0.009 |
Anxiety and depression variables | ||||||
ASI-3 score | 17.48 (15.70) | 13.66 (10.50) | 11.54 (8.76) | 3.98 | 0.02 | 0.040 |
ASI-3 subscale score | ||||||
Physical concerns | 6.10 (5.86) | 4.66 (4.15) | 3.36 (3.51) | 5.60 | 0.004 | 0.056 |
Cognitive concerns | 5.54 (6.34) | 3.60 (3.96) | 2.31 (2.30) | 8.28 | < 0.001 | 0.081 |
Social concerns | 5.84 (5.08) | 5.25 (4.45) | 5.89 (4.69) | 0.37 | 0.69 | 0.004 |
STAI-X2 score | 46.37 (12.24) | 42.70 (8.58) | 38.97 (9.30) | 8.43 | < 0.001 | 0.082 |
BDI-II score | 11.73 (9.92) | 9.54 (7.50) | 10.19 (10.63) | 0.91 | 0.40 | 0.009 |
Uncertainty variables | ||||||
IUI-10 score | 25.16 (11.17) | 25.03 (8.79) | 24.14 (9.38) | 0.20 | 0.82 | 0.002 |
IUS-12 score | 27.35 (11.62) | 29.09 (9.48) | 27.69 (11.37) | 0.47 | 0.63 | 0.005 |
IA score | 42.24 (11.43) | 40.81 (12.93) | 38.46 (13.04) | 1.49 | 0.23 | 0.016 |
URS score | 123.72 (18.27) | 121.30 (16.31) | 125.85 (17.62) | 1.10 | 0.34 | 0.011 |
URS subscale score | ||||||
Emotional uncertainty | 31.58 (10.14) | 30.58 (8.93) | 29.76 (8.68) | 0.63 | 0.54 | 0.007 |
Desire for change | 44.17 (8.94) | 44.56 (8.94) | 46.26 (8.21) | 1.01 | 0.37 | 0.011 |
Cognitive uncertainty | 47.97 (8.98) | 46.16 (8.59) | 49.05 (9.05) | 1.74 | 0.18 | 0.018 |
Pain catastrophizing variables | ||||||
PCS score | 27.18 (13.67) | 20.84 (12.13) | 15.73 (8.38) | 15.32 | < 0.001 | 0.141 |
PCS subscale score | ||||||
Helplessness | 11.98 (6.99) | 8.69 (6.14) | 5.94 (3.68) | 17.28 | < 0.001 | 0.157 |
Rumination | 12.31 (5.69) | 9.86 (5.46) | 7.50 (3.89) | 14.09 | < 0.001 | 0.132 |
Magnification | 2.90 (2.19) | 2.30 (2.01) | 2.25 (1.82) | 2.03 | 0.13 | 0.021 |
Decision making variables | ||||||
GDMS score | 78.42 (9.25) | 77.55 (10.50) | 76.37 (10.77) | 0.56 | 0.57 | 0.007 |
GDMS subscale score | ||||||
Rational | 17.21 (2.23) | 16.89 (2.46) | 17.04 (2.32) | 0.25 | 0.78 | 0.003 |
Intuitive | 17.89 (2.99) | 17.75 (2.85) | 17.21 (3.03) | 0.81 | 0.45 | 0.010 |
Dependant | 16.49 (3.31) | 16.58 (3.58) | 16.47 (3.81) | 0.02 | 0.99 | < 0.001 |
Avoidant | 13.43 (2.94) | 13.16 (2.77) | 12.75 (3.05) | 0.76 | 0.47 | 0.009 |
Spontaneous | 13.40 (2.91) | 13.16 (2.73) | 12.90 (2.79) | 0.44 | 0.65 | 0.005 |