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Table 2 Crude (observed) 1-year prevalences (% [95% CIs]) of all headache and each headache type, overall and according to gender and age, and gender- and age-adjusted prevalences (N = 2,089)

From: The prevalence of primary headache disorders in children and adolescents in Zambia: a schools-based study

 

All headache

(n = 1,824)

Migraine

(n = 1,078)

TTH

(n = 307)

pMOH

(n = 23)

Other headache on ≥ 15 d/m

(n = 58)

UdH

(n = 309)

Observed prevalences (% [95% CI])

Overall

87.3 [85.9–88.7]

51.6 [49.5–53.7]

14.7 [13.2–16.2]

1.1 [0.7–1.6]

2.8 [2.1–3.5]

14.8 [13.3–16.3]

Gender

 Male (n = 1,128)

85.2 [83.1–87.2]

49.6 [46.7–52.5]

15.2 [13.1–17.3]

1.2 [0.6–1.8]

2.6 [1.7–3.5]

14.3 [12.2–16.3]

 Female (n = 961)

89.8 [87.9–91.7]

53.9 [50.8–57.1]

14.0 [11.8–16.2]

1.0 [0.4–1.6]

3.0 [1.9–4.1]

15.4 [13.1–17.7]

Age group (years)

 6–11 (n = 615)

81.5 [78.4–84.6]

51.2 [47.3–55.2]

11.9 [9.3–14.5]

0.8 [0.1–1.5]

1.8 [0.8–2.9]

13.2 [10.5–15.9]

 12–17 (n = 1,474)

89.8 [88.3–91.4]

51.8 [49.3–54.4]

15.9 [14.0–17.8]

1.2 [0.6–1.8]

3.2 [2.3–4.1]

15.5 [13.7–17.4]

Gender- and age-adjusted prevalences (% [95% CI])

Overall

85.8 [84.3–87.3]

53.2 [51.1–55.3]

(definite: 17.5% [15.9–19.1]; probable: 35.7% [33.7–37.8])

12.1 [10.7–13.5]

0.9 [0.5–1.3]

2.4 [1.7–3.1]

14.8 [13.3–16.3]

  1. CI Confidence interval, TTH Tension-type headache, pMOH Probable medication-overuse headache, d/m days/month, UdH Undifferentiated headache
  2. Significant differences are emboldened (p < 0.01). Odds ratios and adjusted odds ratios for associations with demographic variables are in Table 4