Fig. 3

Prevalence of triggers and premonitory symptoms of headache attacks in MwoA and MwA patients. A Compared to MwA, MwoA patients were more often associated with most triggers. The only exception was strong light, which played a significantly more common role in MwA. Stress, tiredness, and sleep disturbance were the three most common triggers in both groups. B Except for stiff neck and irritability, the incidence of all other premonitory symptoms in MwA patients was higher than MwoA, and most of these triggers exhibited significant differences. C Comparison of the ranking of premonitory symptoms in MwoA and MwA groups. Stiff neck, dizzy, and yawn were the most common premonitory symptoms in subjects with MwoA. Dizzy, photophobia, and phonophobia were the premonitory symptoms with the top incidences in MwA. *: p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001