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Fig. 1 | The Journal of Headache and Pain

Fig. 1

From: Contribution of tetrodotoxin-resistant persistent Na+ currents to the excitability of C-type dural afferent neurons in rats

Fig. 1

Persistent sodium currents mediated by TTX-R Na+ channels in dural afferent neurons. A. Typical phase contrast (Ph) and fluorescence (DiI) images of small- (left) and medium-sized (right) DiI-positive neurons. B. Typical traces of TTX-R INa recorded in small- and medium-sized DiI-positive neurons. TTX-R INa was elicited by voltage step pulses (100 ms duration; -10 mV depolarization at a VH of -80 mV). The noninactivating persistent INa (INaP) was followed by transient INa (INaT) in DiI-positive neurons. C. The mean values of the density of TTX-R INaT (a) and INaP (b) and the amplitude ratio of INaP/INaT (c) in small- (S) and medium-sized (M) DiI-positive neurons. Columns and error bars represent the mean and SEM from 31 small- and 40 medium-sized DiI-positive neurons. **; p < 0.01, n.s; not significant (unpaired t-test). D. Scatter plot of the density of TTX-R INaP against membrane capacitance (Cm) obtained from the same neurons (n = 71). The linear trend line represents the best fit using a least-squares fit (r = 0.65). E. Typical traces of TTX-R INa recorded in the absence and presence of 10 μM riluzole in small- (left) and medium-sized (right) DiI-positive neurons. Inset traces show TTX-R INaT and INaP with expanded time and amplitude scales, respectively. F. Concentration–response relationships of riluzole for TTX-R INaT (a) and INaP (b). The points and error bars represent the mean and SEM from seven small- and seven medium-sized DiI-positive neurons. G. Typical traces of TTX-R INa recorded in the absence and presence of 100 nM A803467 in small- (left) and medium-sized (right) DiI-positive neurons. Inset traces show TTX-R INaT and INaP with expanded time and amplitude scales, respectively. H. Concentration–response relationships of A803467 for TTX-R INaT (a) and INaP (b). The points and error bars represent the mean and SEM from seven small- and seven medium-sized DiI-positive neurons

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