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Table 3 Effect of HA Treatment on ImPACT Composite Scores by Gender, Age, and Concussion History

From: Effects of a history of headache and migraine treatment on baseline neurocognitive function in young athletes

Gender

Male

 

CT (n=3773)

mean [95% CI]

Headaches (n=604)

mean [95% CI]

p-value

Cohen’s d

Verbal Memory

81.1 [80.8-81.4]

80.6 [79.7-81.4]

.68

0.05

Visual Memory

71.1 [70.6-71.5]

69.8 [68.7-70.9]

.16

0.09

Visual Motor

33.2 [33.0-33.4]

33.9 [33.3-34.5]

.13

0.09

Reaction Time

0.642 [0.639-0.646]

0.645 [0.638-0.653]

.92

0.03

Impulse Control

7.32 [7.16-7.49]

7.46 [7.05-7.87]

.93

0.03

mPCSS

1.78 [1.67-1.88]

3.38 [3.00-3.75]

<.0001

0.39

 

Female

 

CT (n=1942)

mean [95% CI]

Headaches (n=356)

mean [95% CI]

p-value

Cohen’s d

Verbal Memory

82.7 [82.3-83.2]

81.9 [80.8-83.1]

.55

0.07

Visual Memory

70.0 [69.4-70.6]

68.6 [67.1-70.0]

.23

0.11

Visual Motor

35.2 [34.9-35.5]

35.8 [35.1-36.6]

.43

0.09

Reaction Time

0.637 [0.6352-0.641]

0.633 [0.624-0.643]

.94

0.04

Impulse Control

6.70 [6.50-6.91]

6.69 [6.20-7.18]

.99

0.002

mPCSS

3.30 [3.07-3.53]

5.10 [4.41-5.79]

<.0001

0.31

AGE

12-14

 

CT (n=2470)

mean [95% CI]

Headaches (n=390)

mean [95% CI]

p-value

Cohen’s d

Verbal Memory

81.5 [81.1-81.9]

81.2 [80.2-82.3]

.99

0.03

Visual Memory

71.2 [70.7-71.7]

70.0 [68.6-71.3]

.50

0.10

Visual Motor

32.7 [32.4-32.9]

33.1 [32.4-33.8]

.84

0.07

Reaction Time

0.655 [0.651-0.659]

0.657 [0.647-0.666]

.99

0.016

Impulse Control

7.63 [7.43-7.84]

7.77 [7.26-8.29]

.99

0.03

mPCSS

2.04 [1.89-2.19]

3.42 [3.42-4.54]

<.0001

0.41

 

15-16

 

CT (n=2365)

mean [95% CI]

Headaches (n=411)

mean [95% CI]

p-value

Cohen’s d

Verbal Memory

81.6 [81.1-82.0]

80.2 [79.2-81.3]

.38

0.13

Visual Memory

69.9 [69.4-70.5]

68.8 [67.4-70.1]

.59

0.08

Visual Motor

34.2 [34.0-34.5]

34.9 [34.2-35.6]

.47

0.09

Reaction Time

0.635 [0.631-0.639]

0.635 [0.626-0.644]

.99

0.006

Impulse Control

6.90 [6.71-7.10]

7.14 [6.66-7.61]

.95

0.05

mPCSS

2.49 [2.32-2.66]

4.13 [3.62-4.64]

<.0001

0.34

 

17+

 

CT (n=880)

mean [95% CI]

Headaches (n=159)

mean [95% CI]

p-value

Cohen’s d

Verbal Memory

82.2 [81.5-82.9]

83.0 [81.4-84.7]

.94

0.08

Visual Memory

71.5 [70.6-72.3]

69.5 [67.1-71.9]

.54

0.14

Visual Motor

36.5 [36.0-37.0]

37.5 [36.4-38.7]

.49

0.14

Reaction Time

0.615 [0.608-0.622]

0.616 [0.604-0.629]

.99

0.002

Impulse Control

6.22 [5.91-6.52]

5.79 [5.11-6.48]

.92

0.09

mPCSS

2.49 [2.20-2.79]

3.81 [2.88-4.74]

.006

0.26

Concussion History

0 Prior Concussions

 

CT (n=4607)

mean [95% CI]

Headaches (n=591)

mean [95% CI]

p-value

Cohen’s d

Verbal Memory

81.3 [81.0-81.6]

80.9 [80.1-81.8]

.99

0.04

Visual Memory

70.2 [69.8-70.6]

69.0 [67.9-70.1]

.44

0.08

Visual Motor

33.6 [33.4-33.8]

34.6 [34.0-35.1]

.03

0.14

Reaction Time

0.644 [0.641-647]

0.644 [0.636-0.652]

.99

0.002

Impulse Control

7.07 [6.93-7.21]

6.93 [6.54-7.31]

.99

0.03

mPCSS

2.24 [2.12-2.35]

4.38 [3.91-4.84]

<.0001

0.43

 

1 Prior Concussion

 

CT (n=746)

mean [95% CI]

Headaches (n=221)

mean [95% CI]

p-value

Cohen’s d

Verbal Memory

82.6 [81.9-83.4]

80.5 [79.0-82.0]

.13

0.20

Visual Memory

72.3 [71.3-73.2]

69.3 [67.4-71.2]

.07

0.22

Visual Motor

35.1 [34.6-35.7]

34.5 [33.6-35.4]

.92

0.10

Reaction Time

0.625 [0.617-0.632]

0.642 [0.631-0.653]

.33

0.19

Impulse Control

7.29 [6.93-7.65]

7.71 [7.01-8.40]

.96

0.08

mPCSS

2.41 [2.10-2.73]

3.23 [2.58-3.89]

.20

0.18

 

2 Prior Concussions

 

CT (n=193)

mean [95% CI]

Headaches (n=77)

mean [95% CI]

p-value

Cohen’s d

Verbal Memory

83.8 [82.5-85.2]

84.5 [82.3-86.8]

.99

0.07

Visual Memory

74.5 [72.7-76.2]

70.7 [67.9-73.6]

.43

0.30

Visual Motor

35.5 [34.5-36.5]

34.4 [32.7-36.1]

.95

0.14

Reaction Time

0.638 [0.621-0.655]

0.634 [0.613-0.655]

.99

0.04

Impulse Control

7.20 [6.52-7.87]

6.53 [5.50-7.57]

.98

0.14

mPCSS

2.74 [2.06-3.41]

4.03 [2.83-5.22]

.34

0.26

 

3+ Prior Concussions

 

CT (n=107)

mean [95% CI]

Headaches (n=67)

mean [95% CI]

p-value

Cohen’s d

Verbal Memory

83.1 [81.2-85.1]

80.6 [77.9-83.4]

.13

0.23

Visual Memory

75.1 [72.4-77.7]

70.8 [67.6-74.1]

.47

0.31

Visual Motor

34.8 [33.2-36.4]

35.6 [33.6-37.7]

.99

0.10

Reaction Time

0.614 [0.598-0.629]

0.623 [0.602-0.643]

.99

0.11

Impulse Control

8.06 [6.90-9.23]

8.22 [6.77-9.68]

.99

0.03

mPCSS

2.75 [1.89-3.60]

3.73 [2.05-4.69]

.98

0.12

  1. CI Confidence interval
  2. mPCSS Modified Post Concussion Symptom Scale