Gender | Male | |||
CT (n=3773) mean [95% CI] | Headaches (n=604) mean [95% CI] | p-value | Cohen’s d | |
Verbal Memory | 81.1 [80.8-81.4] | 80.6 [79.7-81.4] | .68 | 0.05 |
Visual Memory | 71.1 [70.6-71.5] | 69.8 [68.7-70.9] | .16 | 0.09 |
Visual Motor | 33.2 [33.0-33.4] | 33.9 [33.3-34.5] | .13 | 0.09 |
Reaction Time | 0.642 [0.639-0.646] | 0.645 [0.638-0.653] | .92 | 0.03 |
Impulse Control | 7.32 [7.16-7.49] | 7.46 [7.05-7.87] | .93 | 0.03 |
mPCSS | 1.78 [1.67-1.88] | 3.38 [3.00-3.75] | <.0001 | 0.39 |
Female | ||||
CT (n=1942) mean [95% CI] | Headaches (n=356) mean [95% CI] | p-value | Cohen’s d | |
Verbal Memory | 82.7 [82.3-83.2] | 81.9 [80.8-83.1] | .55 | 0.07 |
Visual Memory | 70.0 [69.4-70.6] | 68.6 [67.1-70.0] | .23 | 0.11 |
Visual Motor | 35.2 [34.9-35.5] | 35.8 [35.1-36.6] | .43 | 0.09 |
Reaction Time | 0.637 [0.6352-0.641] | 0.633 [0.624-0.643] | .94 | 0.04 |
Impulse Control | 6.70 [6.50-6.91] | 6.69 [6.20-7.18] | .99 | 0.002 |
mPCSS | 3.30 [3.07-3.53] | 5.10 [4.41-5.79] | <.0001 | 0.31 |
AGE | 12-14 | |||
CT (n=2470) mean [95% CI] | Headaches (n=390) mean [95% CI] | p-value | Cohen’s d | |
Verbal Memory | 81.5 [81.1-81.9] | 81.2 [80.2-82.3] | .99 | 0.03 |
Visual Memory | 71.2 [70.7-71.7] | 70.0 [68.6-71.3] | .50 | 0.10 |
Visual Motor | 32.7 [32.4-32.9] | 33.1 [32.4-33.8] | .84 | 0.07 |
Reaction Time | 0.655 [0.651-0.659] | 0.657 [0.647-0.666] | .99 | 0.016 |
Impulse Control | 7.63 [7.43-7.84] | 7.77 [7.26-8.29] | .99 | 0.03 |
mPCSS | 2.04 [1.89-2.19] | 3.42 [3.42-4.54] | <.0001 | 0.41 |
15-16 | ||||
CT (n=2365) mean [95% CI] | Headaches (n=411) mean [95% CI] | p-value | Cohen’s d | |
Verbal Memory | 81.6 [81.1-82.0] | 80.2 [79.2-81.3] | .38 | 0.13 |
Visual Memory | 69.9 [69.4-70.5] | 68.8 [67.4-70.1] | .59 | 0.08 |
Visual Motor | 34.2 [34.0-34.5] | 34.9 [34.2-35.6] | .47 | 0.09 |
Reaction Time | 0.635 [0.631-0.639] | 0.635 [0.626-0.644] | .99 | 0.006 |
Impulse Control | 6.90 [6.71-7.10] | 7.14 [6.66-7.61] | .95 | 0.05 |
mPCSS | 2.49 [2.32-2.66] | 4.13 [3.62-4.64] | <.0001 | 0.34 |
17+ | ||||
CT (n=880) mean [95% CI] | Headaches (n=159) mean [95% CI] | p-value | Cohen’s d | |
Verbal Memory | 82.2 [81.5-82.9] | 83.0 [81.4-84.7] | .94 | 0.08 |
Visual Memory | 71.5 [70.6-72.3] | 69.5 [67.1-71.9] | .54 | 0.14 |
Visual Motor | 36.5 [36.0-37.0] | 37.5 [36.4-38.7] | .49 | 0.14 |
Reaction Time | 0.615 [0.608-0.622] | 0.616 [0.604-0.629] | .99 | 0.002 |
Impulse Control | 6.22 [5.91-6.52] | 5.79 [5.11-6.48] | .92 | 0.09 |
mPCSS | 2.49 [2.20-2.79] | 3.81 [2.88-4.74] | .006 | 0.26 |
Concussion History | 0 Prior Concussions | |||
CT (n=4607) mean [95% CI] | Headaches (n=591) mean [95% CI] | p-value | Cohen’s d | |
Verbal Memory | 81.3 [81.0-81.6] | 80.9 [80.1-81.8] | .99 | 0.04 |
Visual Memory | 70.2 [69.8-70.6] | 69.0 [67.9-70.1] | .44 | 0.08 |
Visual Motor | 33.6 [33.4-33.8] | 34.6 [34.0-35.1] | .03 | 0.14 |
Reaction Time | 0.644 [0.641-647] | 0.644 [0.636-0.652] | .99 | 0.002 |
Impulse Control | 7.07 [6.93-7.21] | 6.93 [6.54-7.31] | .99 | 0.03 |
mPCSS | 2.24 [2.12-2.35] | 4.38 [3.91-4.84] | <.0001 | 0.43 |
1 Prior Concussion | ||||
CT (n=746) mean [95% CI] | Headaches (n=221) mean [95% CI] | p-value | Cohen’s d | |
Verbal Memory | 82.6 [81.9-83.4] | 80.5 [79.0-82.0] | .13 | 0.20 |
Visual Memory | 72.3 [71.3-73.2] | 69.3 [67.4-71.2] | .07 | 0.22 |
Visual Motor | 35.1 [34.6-35.7] | 34.5 [33.6-35.4] | .92 | 0.10 |
Reaction Time | 0.625 [0.617-0.632] | 0.642 [0.631-0.653] | .33 | 0.19 |
Impulse Control | 7.29 [6.93-7.65] | 7.71 [7.01-8.40] | .96 | 0.08 |
mPCSS | 2.41 [2.10-2.73] | 3.23 [2.58-3.89] | .20 | 0.18 |
2 Prior Concussions | ||||
CT (n=193) mean [95% CI] | Headaches (n=77) mean [95% CI] | p-value | Cohen’s d | |
Verbal Memory | 83.8 [82.5-85.2] | 84.5 [82.3-86.8] | .99 | 0.07 |
Visual Memory | 74.5 [72.7-76.2] | 70.7 [67.9-73.6] | .43 | 0.30 |
Visual Motor | 35.5 [34.5-36.5] | 34.4 [32.7-36.1] | .95 | 0.14 |
Reaction Time | 0.638 [0.621-0.655] | 0.634 [0.613-0.655] | .99 | 0.04 |
Impulse Control | 7.20 [6.52-7.87] | 6.53 [5.50-7.57] | .98 | 0.14 |
mPCSS | 2.74 [2.06-3.41] | 4.03 [2.83-5.22] | .34 | 0.26 |
3+ Prior Concussions | ||||
CT (n=107) mean [95% CI] | Headaches (n=67) mean [95% CI] | p-value | Cohen’s d | |
Verbal Memory | 83.1 [81.2-85.1] | 80.6 [77.9-83.4] | .13 | 0.23 |
Visual Memory | 75.1 [72.4-77.7] | 70.8 [67.6-74.1] | .47 | 0.31 |
Visual Motor | 34.8 [33.2-36.4] | 35.6 [33.6-37.7] | .99 | 0.10 |
Reaction Time | 0.614 [0.598-0.629] | 0.623 [0.602-0.643] | .99 | 0.11 |
Impulse Control | 8.06 [6.90-9.23] | 8.22 [6.77-9.68] | .99 | 0.03 |
mPCSS | 2.75 [1.89-3.60] | 3.73 [2.05-4.69] | .98 | 0.12 |