Table 1 Clinical characteristics of study sample

n (male)

111 (58)

85 (70)

196 (128)

52 (39)

Gender ratio (male: female)

1.09: 1

4.67: 1

1.88: 1

1.33: 1

Age (years)

48.06 ± 11.55

46.09 ± 11.73

47.21 ± 11.64

48.65 ± 10.87

Age at onset (years)

32.55 ± 13.14

29.25 ± 11.54

31.13 ± 12.55

27.44 ± 11.23

Disease duration (years)

15.52 ± 9.46

17.19 ± 11.68

16.24 ± 10.49

21.21 ± 10.30

Attack frequency (attacks in last week)

16.50 ± 13.66

13.42 ± 13.75

15.16 ± 13.75

0

Nocturnal attacks, n (%)

102 (91.9%)

79 (92.9%)

181 (92.3%)

43 (82.7%)

Headache intensity [0–10]

7.55 ± 2.10

7.80 ± 1.73

7.66 ± 1.95

7.95 ± 2.06

Number of cranial autonomic symptoms

4.74 ± 1.48

4.22 ± 1.60

4.52 ± 1.57

4.33 ± 1.70

Restlessness during attacks, n (%)

106 (95.5%)

83 (97.6%)

189 (96.4%)

50 (96.2%)

Typical episode duration (weeks)

–

12.00 ± 8.82

–

11.94 ± 8.10

Current acute medication, n (%)

105 (94.6%)

77 (90.6%)

182 (92.9%)

–

Acute medication uses (in last week)

14.25 ± 13.70

12.51 ± 14.80

13.49 ± 14.18

–

Current preventive medication, n (%)

76 (68.5%)

44 (51.8%)

120 (61.2%)

–

Other medical condition, n (%)

61 (55.0%)

35 (41.2%)

96 (49.0%)

16 (30.8%)

Current smoking, n (%)

65 (58.6%)

42 (49.4%)

107 (54.6%)

26 (50.0%)

Current alcohol consumption, n (%)

12 (10.8%)

27 (31.8%)

39 (19.9%)

19 (36.5%)