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Fig. 1 | The Journal of Headache and Pain

Fig. 1

From: Efficacy profile of noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation on cortical spreading depression susceptibility and the tissue response in a rat model

Fig. 1

nVNS intensity-dependently suppresses KCl-evoked CSD frequency. A Schematic diagram of amplitude-response paradigm of acute nVNS. B Representative intra-cortical microelectrode recordings show the effect of sham stimulation or noninvasive transcutaneous VNS at low (1 V for 2 min), medium (11.4 V for 2 min), high intensity (24.4 V for 2 min) on KCl (1 M)-evoked CSD frequency in rats. C Whisker–box plots show that medium and high intensity VNS but not low voltage VNS or sham control inhibit KCl-evoked CSD frequency in rats (n=6 per group) (whisker: full range; line: median; cross: mean; *P=0.0349 for medium intensity, *P= 0.0149 for high intensity, compared to sham group, Kruskal-Wallis test followed by post hoc Dunn’s multiple comparisons test)

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The Journal of Headache and Pain

ISSN: 1129-2377

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