Fig. 3From: Insulin sensitizes neural and vascular TRPV1 receptors in the trigeminovascular systemChanges in meningeal blood flow induced by topical application of capsaicin at low concentration. (A) Flowchart summarizing the experimental protocol. (B) Blood flow increasing effect of capsaicin (10 nM for 3 min) before and after insulin (10 μM for 10 min) applied topically to the dura mater. The light grey bar indicates the effect of insulin application alone, coloured bars indicate the capsaicin-induced changes in blood flow. The number of measurements is indicated in the bars. *: statistically different from the basal flow. #: statistically different from the effect without pretreatmentBack to article page