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Fig. 5 | The Journal of Headache and Pain

Fig. 5

From: IL-17 crosses the blood–brain barrier to trigger neuroinflammation: a novel mechanism in nitroglycerin-induced chronic migraine

Fig. 5

NTG increased the levels of inflammatory cytokines and activated the NF-κB signaling pathway in the TNC. (A-C) Content of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in the TNC of rats with NTG-induced migraine. (D and E) The expression of the NF-кB p65 mRNA in the TNC and TG of rats with NTG-induced migraine. (F-H) The levels of NF-κB p65, NF-κB p-p65 and the ratio of NF-κB p-p65/NF-κB p65 in the TNC of rats with NTG-induced migraine. Statistical analysis was performed using one–way ANOVA, n = 3, *p < 0.05 compared to the control group

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