The relationship between headache-attributed disability and lost productivity: 2. Empirical evidence from population-based studies in nine disparate countries

Table 5 Spearman correlations between disability¹ and lost paid worktime attributed to probable medication-overuse headache by country (values of N vary because of zero values in some responses to either question)

Country	HALT question 1 (absenteeism)			HALT question 2 (presenteeism)			HALT questions 1 + 2 (total lost paid work time)
Country	N	r_s	p	N	r_s	p	N	r_s	p
Ethiopia	23	0.15	0.49	23	0.08	0.72	23	0.20	0.37
India	27	0.05	0.82	27	0.27	0.17	27	0.11	0.58
Lithuania + Luxembourg	46	0.08	0.59	47	0.39	0.01	49	0.30	0.04
Nepal	53	0.05	0.73	53	0.08	0.59	53	0.04	0.80
Pakistan	93	−0.58	< 0.001	93	−0.51	< 0.001	94	−0.54	< 0.001
Russia	64	− 0.002	0.98	64	− 0.13	0.30	64	−0.8	0.52
Spain	45	0.05	0.73	46	0.18	0.22	49	0.21	0.15

HALT: Headache-Attributed Lost Time questionnaire. ¹ Calculated as proportion of time in ictal state*disability weight from GBD2015 [49]; significant p-values are emboldened.

ISSN: 1129-2377