The relationship between headache-attributed disability and lost productivity: 2. Empirical evidence from population-based studies in nine disparate countries

Table 2 Lost productive time attributed to migraine by country (values are population means ± SEM [median])

Country	Lost productive time (days/3 months per person)
Country	HALT question(s)¹
	1	2	1 + 2	3 + 4	1 + 2 + 3 + 4
China	2.4 ± 0.4 [0.0]	4.1 ± 0.5 [2.0]	6.5 ± 0.7 [3.0]	7.7 ± 0.8 [4.0]	14.0 ± 1.4 [8.0]
Ethiopia	1.2 ± 0.1 [0.0]	1.4 ± 0.1 [0.0]	2.7 ± 0.2 [0.0]	4.3 ± 0.4 [0.0]	6.2 ± 0.4 [4.0]
India	1.1 ± 0.1 [0.0]	0.6 ± 0.1 [0.0]	1.7 ± 0.2 [0.0]	2.8 ± 0.2 [1.0]	4.4 ± 0.3 [3.0]
Lithuania + Luxembourg	0.9 ± 0.3 [0.0]	1.9 ± 0.2 [0.0]	2.7 ± 0.3 [0.0]	4.5 ± 0.4 [2.0]	6.8 ± 0.5 [2.0]
Nepal	1.2 ± 0.1 [0.0]	0.8 ± 0.1 [0.0]	2.0 ± 0.2 [0.0]	3.6 ± 0.3 [1.0]	5.6 ± 0.4 [3.0]
Pakistan	3.3 ± 0.2 [2.0]	4.8 ± 0.3 [3.0]	8.1 ± 0.4 [6.0]	11.2 ± 0.4 [10.0]	13.9 ± 0.4 [12.0]
Russia	0.2 ± 0.1 [0.0]	2.0 ± 0.3 [0.0]	2.2 ± 0.3 [0.0]	3.9 ± 0.4 [3.0]	6.2 ± 0.7 [4.0]
Spain	1.4 ± 0.2 [0.0]	4.4 ± 0.3 [2.0]	5.6 ± 0.4 [3.0]	7.3 ± 0.5 [3.0]	12.3 ± 0.8 [6.0]

HALT: Headache-Attributed Lost Time questionnaire. ¹ Questions 1 and 2 relate to work time (absenteeism and presenteeism respectively); questions 3 and 4 relate to household work (days with nothing or less than half of normal achieved) (see text).

ISSN: 1129-2377