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Table 1 Demographic characteristics

From: Metabolic profile changes in serum of migraine patients detected using 1H-NMR spectroscopy

Variable

Lifetime migraine patients

(N = 289)

Controls

(N = 1360)

p-value

Active migraine patientsb

(N = 150)

p-value

Age (years)

46.5 ± 12.1

48.7 ± 14.5

0.013c*

44.0 ± 11.4

<  0.001c*

Female sex (%)

220 (76.1)

673 (49.5)

<  0.001d*

124 (82.7)

<  0.001d*

BMI

26.9 ± 5.0

26.8 ± 4.6

0.934c

26.3 ± 4.9

0.219c

Smokinga (yes) (%)

129 (44.9)

481 (36.0)

0.006d*

71 (47.3)

0.008d*

MO patients

163 (56.4)

77 (51.3)

  1. Values are expressed as absolute values and percentage or mean ± SD. Numbers and proportions may not add up to total of 100 due to rounding or missing values; aDefined as currently cigarette smoking; bDefined as having at least one severe migraine attack in the last 12 months; cStudent’s t-test; dChi-square Test; *Significant p-values (p < 0.05). Missing values in lifetime migraine patients for BMI (n = 2), smoking status (n = 2) and in controls for BMI (n = 24) smoking status (n = 27). MO = migraine without aura, BMI =  body mass index