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Table 4 Incidence rates and hazard ratios for ischemic stroke, coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease events associated with a history of migraine among patients with a history of cardiovascular disease

From: Risk for ischemic stroke and coronary heart disease associated with migraine and migraine medication among older adults

 

History of migraine

No

(n = 63,612)

Yes

(n = 15,903)

Ischemic stroke

 Number of events

2195

765

 Follow-up in person-years

227,257

58,097

 Incidence rate (95% CI)a

9.7 (9.3, 10.1)

13.2 (12.2, 14.1)

 Hazard ratio (95% CI)

  Model 1

1 (ref)

1.37 (1.26, 1.48)

  Model 2

1 (ref)

1.39 (1.28, 1.51)

  Model 3

1 (ref)

1.25 (1.15, 1.36)

  Model 4

1 (ref)

1.27 (1.17, 1.39)

Coronary heart diseaseb

 Number of events

6304

1677

 Follow-up in person-years

217,059

55,859

 Incidence rate (95% CI)a

29.0 (28.3, 29.8)

30.0 (28.6, 31.5)

 Hazard ratio (95% CI)

  Model 1

1 (ref)

1.04 (0.99, 1.10)

  Model 2

1 (ref)

1.04 (0.98, 1.09)

  Model 3

1 (ref)

0.99 (0.93, 1.04)

  Model 4

1 (ref)

0.99 (0.93, 1.05)

Composite CVD events

 Number of events

8062

2301

 Follow-up in person-years

213,557

54,347

 Incidence rate (95% CI)a

37.8 (36.9, 38.6)

42.3 (40.6, 44.1)

 Hazard ratio (95% CI)

  Model 1

1 (ref)

1.13 (1.08, 1.18)

  Model 2

1 (ref)

1.13 (1.08, 1.18)

  Model 3

1 (ref)

1.06 (1.01, 1.11)

  Model 4

1 (ref)

1.06 (1.01, 1.12)

  1. aRates are expressed per 1000 person-years
  2. bIncludes myocardial infarction or coronary revascularization
  3. Model 1: Unadjusted model
  4. Model 2: Adjusted for age, sex, and race/ethnicity
  5. Model 3: Adjusted for variables in the second model and low income, area-level income, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, history of heart failure, dementia, depression, insomnia, cancer, epilepsy, and hospitalization within the past year
  6. Model 4: Adjusted for variables in Model 3 and use of antihypertensive medication, diabetes medication, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, antihistamine medication for insomnia, non-benzodiazepine medication for insomnia, sedative hypnotics, and sedative antidepressants, statins, non-statin lipid-lowering therapy, and hormone replacement therapy