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Table 2 Incidence rates and hazard ratios for ischemic stroke, coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease events associated with a history of migraine among patients without a history of cardiovascular disease

From: Risk for ischemic stroke and coronary heart disease associated with migraine and migraine medication among older adults

 

History of migraine

No

(n = 87,960)

Yes

(n = 21,990)

Ischemic stroke

 Number of events

1383

406

 Follow-up in person-years

342,211

86,726

 Incidence rate (95% CI)a

4.0 (3.8, 4.3)

4.7 (4.2, 5.1)

 Hazard ratio (95% CI)

  Model 1

1 (ref)

1.16 (1.03, 1.29)

  Model 2

1 (ref)

1.21 (1.08, 1.35)

  Model 3

1 (ref)

1.21 (1.08, 1.36)

  Model 4

1 (ref)

1.20 (1.07, 1.35)

Coronary heart diseaseb

 Number of events

2832

720

 Follow-up in person-years

338,452

85,866

 Incidence rate (95% CI)a

8.4 (8.1, 8.7)

8.4 (7.8, 9.0)

 Hazard ratio (95% CI)

  Model 1

1 (ref)

1.00 (0.92, 1.09)

  Model 2

1 (ref)

1.01 (0.93, 1.09)

  Model 3

1 (ref)

1.01 (0.93, 1.10)

  Model 4

1 (ref)

1.02 (0.93, 1.11)

Composite CVD events

 Number of events

4050

1084

 Follow-up in person-years

335,734

84,942

 Incidence rate (95% CI)a

12.1 (11.7, 12.4)

12.8 (12.0, 13.5)

 Hazard ratio (95% CI)

  Model 1

1 (ref)

1.06 (0.99, 1.13)

  Model 2

1 (ref)

1.08 (1.01, 1.15)

  Model 3

1 (ref)

1.08 (1.01, 1.16)

  Model 4

1 (ref)

1.08 (1.01, 1.16)

  1. aRates are expressed per 1000 person-years
  2. bIncludes myocardial infarction or coronary revascularization
  3. Model 1: Unadjusted model
  4. Model 2: Adjusted for age, sex, and race/ethnicity
  5. Model 3: Adjusted for variables in the second model and low income, area-level income, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, CKD, history of heart failure, dementia, depression, insomnia, cancer, epilepsy, and hospitalization within the past year
  6. Model 4: Adjusted for variables in Model 3 and use of antihypertensive medication, diabetes medication, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, antihistamine medication for insomnia, non-benzodiazepine medication for insomnia, sedative hypnotics, and sedative antidepressants, statins, non-statin lipid-lowering therapy, and hormone replacement therapy