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Table 1 Baseline characteristics for each group

From: Clinical symptoms of androgen deficiency in men with migraine or cluster headache: a cross-sectional cohort study

 

Migraine

Cluster headache

Controls

Number of patients, n

534

437

152

Age (years), mean ± SD

52.43 ± 13.47

53.23 ± 12.92

54.16 ± 13.76

BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD

25.43 ± 3.54

25.43 ± 3.62

25.12 ± 3.12

Smoking, n (%)

29 (5.4)

251 (57.7)

14 (9.2)

Lifetime depression, n (%)

 Yes

196 (36.7)

160 (36.6)

15 (9.9)

 No

274 (51.3)

198 (45.3)

132 (86.8)

 Unknown

64 (12.0)

79 (18.1)

5 (3.3)

Chronic migraine, n (%)

82 (15.4)

NA

NA

Chronic CH, n (%)

NA

99 (22.7)

NA

  1. Abbreviations: BMI body mass index, SD standard deviation, CH Cluster headache
  2. Chronic migraine was defined based on the ICHD-3 criteria as ≥15 headache days per month, from which ≥8 migraine days. Chronic cluster headache was defined based on the ICHD-3 criteria as remission periods lasting < 3 months for at least 1 year. Lifetime depression was defined as a HADS-D ≥ 8 or CES-D ≥ 16 or (past) depression diagnosed by a physician or (past) use of antidepressants for depression