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Table 2 Comparison of the inflammatory molecule levels in COVID-19 patients with headache regarding pulmonary involvement

From: HMGB1, NLRP3, IL-6 and ACE2 levels are elevated in COVID-19 with headache: a window to the infection-related headache mechanism

 

COVID-19 Patients with Headache (n = 48)

 
 

Pulmonary Infiltration

(n = 31) 65%

Without Pulmonary Infiltration

(n = 17) 35%

 
 

Mean ± SD

Median

(Q1-Q3)

Mean ± SD

Median

(Q1-Q3)

P value

NLRP3 (ng/mL)

3.03 ± 3.92

1.43 (1.15–3.32)

3.18 ± 4.91

1.53 (1.11–2.70)

0.982

IL-6 (pg/mL)

141.63 ± 126.2

100.09 (26.04–217.05)

34.13 ± 18.83

31.84 (20.70–48.39)

0.036

IL-10 (pg/mL)

18.12 ± 12.46

13.58 (10.98–20.24)

14.96 ± 6.37

12.72 (10.40–19.66)

0.283

Ang II (pg/mL)

416.22 ± 188.78

366.45 (267.33–524.59)

471.62 ± 165.93

443.07 (401.79–514.73)

0.111

ACE2 (ng/mL)

11.65 ± 5.40

10.71 (7.36–15.72)

9.02 ± 3.63

8.93 (7.39–10.60)

0.073

HMGB1 (pg/mL)

960.17 ± 318.71

964.87 (724.42–1205.49)

707.48 ± 294.84

759.38 (485.12–923.55)

0.012

D-dimer (μg/mL)

10.26 ± 8.00

7.20 (5.50–13.90)

5.05 ± 2.82

4.90 (2.90–6.80)

0.011

CGRP (pg/mL)

86.13 ± 139.05

34.72 (25.02–67.22)

208.48 ± 290.35

55.46 (20.92–287.63)

0,321

  1. Q1: Lower Quartile; Q3: Upper Quartile