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Table 2 Headache characteristics and potential trigger factors before lockdown begin and in the first 3 months of lockdown in Germany

From: Primary headaches during the COVID-19 lockdown in Germany: analysis of data from 2325 patients using an electronic headache diary

 

Before lockdown

First lockdown month

Second lockdown month

Third lockdown month

p valuea

Monthly headache days (MHD)

6.11 ± 5.10

5.93 ± 4.93

5.98 ± 4.83

6.07 ± 5.17

0.688

Monthly migraine days (MMD)

4.02 ± 4.44

4.07 ± 4.24

4.11 ± 4.21

4.23 ± 4.44

0.326

Monthly days with acute medication use (AMD)

4.14 ± 3.95

3.95 ± 3.88

4.17 ± 3.82

4.34 ± 4.06

0.786

Migraine pain intensity (NRS 0–10)

5.43 ± 1.95

5.36 ± 1.81

5.30 ± 1.91

5.29 ± 1.93

0.923

Headache intensity (NRS 0–10)

4.84 ± 1.86

4.86 ± 1.81

4.83 ± 1.77

4.88 ± 1.84

0.328

Activity Level (NRS 0–10)

4.88 ± 1.67

4.84 ± 1.70

4.90 ± 1.71

4.98 ± 1.70

0.187

Energy Level (NRS 0–10)

5.27 ± 1.54

5.35 ± 1.55

5.33 ± 1.57

5.33 ± 1.58

0.586

Mood (NRS 0–4)

2.42 ± 0.58

2.44 ± 0.58

2.46 ± 0.59

2.49 ± 0.58

0.612

Stress level (NRS 0–10)

3.79 ± 1.91

3.39 ± 1.95

3.59 ± 1.95

3.56 ± 1.97

0.069

Sleep duration (h)

7.66 ± 0.85

7,87 ± 0.89

7.73 ± 0.87

7.70 ± 0.84

0.826

Sleep quality (NRS 0–10)

5.97 ± 1.68

6.00 ± 1.95

6.01 ± 1.70

6.01 ± 1.68

0.159

  1. Values are mean ± standard deviation. NRS = numeric rating scale. a p values of the repeated measures ANOVA between all time points.