Table 1 Distribution of different variables in MOH patients
Characteristic | MOH patients (n = 78) * |
|---|---|
Sex, male | 28 (35.9%) |
Age, year | 51.6 ± 10.5 |
Marital status, married | 73 (93.6%) |
Living with others | 66 (84.6%) |
Education level, year | |
  ≤ 12 | 64 (82.1%) |
  >  12 | 14 (17.9%) |
Household income monthly a, RMB | |
 0–4999 | 41 (52.5%) |
 5000–9999 | 22 (28.2%) |
 10,000–14,999 | 8 (10.3%) |
 15,000–19,999 | 3 (3.9%) |
  > 20,000 | 4 (5.1%) |
Preexisting headache diagnoses | |
 Chronic migraine | 5 (6.4%) |
 Episodic migraine and TTH | 39 (50.0%) |
 Chronic TTH | 34 (43.6%) |
Duration of medication overuse, year | 3.0 (2.0–7.3) |
Available access to regular prophylactic medications | 32 (41.0%) |
Following abrupt withdrawal | 34 (43.6%) |
Headache days per month in the pre-pandemic 3 months period | 10.0 (3.0–18.5) |
Headache intensity per month in the pre-pandemic 3 months period | 5.0 ± 2.3 |
Days per month with acute medication in the pre-pandemic 3 months period | 10.0 (1.0–15.0) |
MIDAS score during the COVID-19 pandemic | 0.0 (0.0–7.0) |
History of epidemiological area exposure | 2 (2.6%) |
Suspected COVID-19 cases themselves or in their relatives | 1 (1.3%) |
COVID-19 cases in respondent’s residential community | 2 (2.6%) |
Level of concern about COVID-19 pandemic | |
 Very concerned | 4 (5.1%) |
 Concerned | 22 (28.2%) |
 Average | 11 (14.1%) |
 Relatively unconcerned or very unconcerned | 41 (52.6%) |
Duration spent on following news of pandemic, hours per day | 0.6 ± 1.1 |
Feel of difficulty in controlling emotion during the COVID-19 pandemic | 6 (7.7%) |
Frequency of COVID-19 related dreams | |
 Most of time or sometimes | 0 |
 None | 78 (100.0%) |
Stressors total score during the COVID-19 pandemic | 30.8 ± 10.0 |
 Fear for getting COVID-19 (4 items) | 6.9 ± 3.1 |
 Physical and psychological distress caused by isolation (2 items) | 3.0 ± 1.9 |
 Inconvenience caused by work and life changes (2 items) | 3.7 ± 2.6 |
 Social discrimination (2 items) | 2.1 ± 0.6 |
 Limited social function (4 items) | 8.9 ± 4.3 |
 Economic losses (2 items) | 4.2 ± 2.5 |
Coronavirus death of family members or friends (2 items) | 2.0 ± 0.1 |
Kessler 6-item psychological distress scale during the COVID-19 pandemic | 1.0 (0.0–3.0) |
 Nervous | 0.0 (0.0–1.0) |
 Hopeless | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) |
 Restless or fidgety | 0.0 (0.0–1.0) |
 So depressed that nothing could cheer you up | 0.0 (0.0–1.0) |
 Everything is an effort | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) |
 Worthless | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) |
 Severe psychological distress | 0 |