Table 1 Comparisons between chronic migraine patients with and without coexisting medication overuse headache (MOH)

Age

41.2 ± 12.7

42.8 ± 11.7

0.093

Gender (female)

228 (80.6)

257 (80.3)

1

Education level

0.002

  ≤ High school

126 (44.5)

184 (57.5)

  ≥ University

157 (55.5)

136 (42.5)

Marital status

0.370

 Unmarried^a

146 (51.6)

153 (47.8)

 Married

137 (48.4)

167 (52.2)

Employment status

0.580

 Unemployed

98 (34.6)

104 (32.5)

 Employed

185 (65.4)

216 (67.5)

Age at migraine onset

23.0 ± 10.9

20.7 ± 9.1

0.004

Aura

11 (3.9)

7 (2.2)

0.221

Headache frequency

22.4 ± 7.4

23.3 ± 6.9

0.098

Monthly analgesic use (days/month)

4.5 ± 6.3

19.4 ± 7.8

< 0.001

Moderate to severe disability (MIDAS ≥11)

198 (70.5)

240 (75.5)

0.168

Anxiety (HADS-A ≥ 11)

122 (43.1)

139 (43.7)

0.934

Depression (HADS-D ≥ 11)

71 (25.1)

93 (29.2)

0.272

Poor sleep (PSQI> 5)

254 (90.4)

285 (90.2)

1.000

Suicidal ideation

82 (29.4)

132 (41.6)

0.002

Suicide attempt

28 (10.1)

53 (16.7)

0.018