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Table 3 Associations of Suicidal Ideation or High Suicide Risk in the Overall Cohort

From: Demoralization predicts suicidality in patients with cluster headache

Outcome: Passive or Active Suicidal Ideation

Variable

Odds Ratio (95% CI)

p-value

Cluster Headachea

2.04 (1.08, 3.85)

0.03*

Lifetime depressionb

2.30 (1.18, 4.46)

0.01*

Demoralizedc

3.33 (1.39, 8.04)

0.007*

Age (per 1 year)

1.00 (0.98, 1.02)

0.92

Male sexd

1.29 (0.65, 2.54)

0.47

Caucasiane

0.50 (0.14, 1.78)

0.29

Currently Marriedf

0.54 (0.27, 1.09)

0.09

Completed Collegeg

0.52 (0.21, 1.28)

0.15

High/Middle Incomeh

1.03 (0.48, 2.23)

0.94

Regular Drug Use historyi

1.35 (0.57, 3.19)

0.50

Regular Alcohol Use historyj

0.99 (0.33, 3.01)

0.99

Outcome: SBQ-R Score (Range 3-18)

Variable

SBQ-R Score points (95% CI)

p-value

Cluster Headachea

0.6 (0.1, 1.2)

0.12

Lifetime depressionb

1.0 (0.2, 1.7)

0.01*

Demoralizedc

2.8 (1.9, 3.7)

< 0.0001*

Age (per 10 year)

0.1 (−0.1, 0.4)

0.26

Male sexd

0.0 (−0.7, 0.7)

0.95

Caucasiane

−0.4 (−1.8, 0.9)

0.55

Currently Marriedf

− 0.4 (−1.2, 0.3)

0.25

Completed Collegeg

−0.3 (−1.3, 0.6)

0.53

High/Middle Incomeh

−0.5 (− 1.3, 0.3

0.19

Regular Drug Use historyi

1.0 (0.1, 1.9)

0.03*

Regular Alcohol Use historyj

−0.1 (−1.2, 1.1)

0.92

  1. Reference groups: aCluster headache: referent controls; bLifetime depression: referent no depression; cDemoralization: defined as fulfilling demoralization diagnostic criteria for use in psychosomatic research or KDS score ≥ 42; dMale sex: referent female; eCaucasian: referent other races; fCurrently married: referent currently single, divorced, widowed; gCompleted college: referent did not complete college; hHigh/middle income: referent low income (< $3000 monthly); iRegular drug use: period of one year when drugs were used weekly, referenced to those that did not have such a period; jHistory of regular alcohol use: period of one year when 3 or more drinks at least 3 times per week, referenced to those who did not have such a period
  2. * = p<0.05