Table 3 Differences in pressure pain thresholds between people with migraine and healthy participants (dominant side)

Temporalis muscle

Interictal

−91.4

− 125.8 – −57.0

<  0.001

−3.0

−12.5 – 6.5

0.534

Preictal

− 115.8

− 151.0 – −80.4

<  0.001

−27.4

−36.9 – − 17.9

<  0.001

Ictal

− 152.9

− 188.1 – − 117.8

<  0.001

− 64.5

−74.0 – − 55.1

<  0.001

Postictal

−108.0

− 143.2 – −72.8

<  0.001

−19.6

− 29.0 – − 10.1

<  0.001

Paraspinal muscles C1

Interictal

−56.4

− 90.7 – − 22.2

0.001

− 3.2

− 13.0 – 6.7

0.525

Preictal

− 86.4

− 121.4 – − 51.3

<  0.001

−33.1

−42.9 – − 23.3

<  0.001

Ictal

−120.3

−155.3 – − 85.3

<  0.001

−67.1

−76.9 – − 57.2

<  0.001

Postictal

− 75.1

− 110.1 – −40.1

<  0.001

−21.8

−31.7 – − 12.0

<  0.001

Upper trapezius muscle

Interictal

−46.9

− 84.9 – − 9.0

0.016

− 6.1

−17.1 – 4.9

0.277

Preictal

−92.5

−31.3 – −53.7

<  0.001

−51.6

− 62.6 – −40.6

<  0.001

Ictal

− 125.7

− 164.5 – − 86.9

<  0.001

−84.9

−95.9 – −73.9

<  0.001

Postictal

−70.8

−109.6 – − 32.0

0.001

−29.9

−40.9 – −18.9

<  0.001

Extensor carpi radialis muscle

Interictal

−39.3

−72.5 – − 6.1

0.021

−2.6

−11.3 – 6.0

0.548

Preictal

−51.3

−85.3 – −17.3

0.004

−14.6

−23.3 – −5.9

0.001

Ictal

−60.2

−94.1 – −26.2

0.001

−23.5

−32.2 – − 14.8

<  0.001

Postictal

−53.5

− 87.4 – −19.5

0.003

−16.8

−25.5 – −8.1

<  0.001

Tibialis anterior muscle

Interictal

− 111.5

− 181.1 – −41.8

0.002

−1.1

−20.6 – 18.5

0.915

Preictal

−143.5

− 214.7 – −72.2

<  0.001

−33.1

−52.6 – −13.5

0.001

Ictal

−162.2

− 233.5 – −91.0

<  0.001

−51.8

−71.4 – −32.3

<  0.001

Postictal

− 132.5

− 203.7 – −61.3

0.001

−22.1

−41.6 – − 2.5

0.027