Skip to main content

Table 2 Subgroup and sensitivity analysis for the prevalence of headaches among patients with epilepsy

From: The epidemiology of headaches among patients with epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Subgroups

No. of studies

Prevalence (%)

95% CI

Heterogeneity within the study (I2, Q and p-value)

Q-value

I2 (%)

P-value

Types of Headache

 Tension type headache (TTH)

9

26.2

18.9–35.0

197.938

95.958

<  0.01

 Migraine with aura

15

26.0

17.5–36.7

738.659

98.105

 Migraine without aura

3

10.4

5.20–19.7

11.064

81.924

 Ictal headache (IH)

7

42.2

26.8–59.2

523.957

98.664

 Post ictal headache (PIH)

7

43.1

30.9–56.3

348.352

97.991

Countries

 Developed

6

50.6

35.9–65.3

142.400

96.489

<  0.01

 Developing

11

49.5

38.1–60.9

885.368

98.871

Study design

 Cross-sectional

13

53.4

39.2–67.0

909.646

98.681

<  0.01

 Cohort

3

37.9

21.3–57.8

30.119

93.360

 Case-control

1

25.0

18.0–33.6

0.000

0.000

Gender

 Male

7

33.3

21.1–48.3

235.349

97.451

<  0.01

 Female

7

63.0

49.1–75.1

197.232

96.958