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Table 1 Barrow’s and Cognard’s classifications of DAVFs

From: Dural arteriovenous fistulas and headache features: an observational study

Barrow (for CCFs)

Cognard (for other DAVFs than CCFs)

A

Direct shunting of blood flow from the ICA into the

cavernous sinus.

I

Normal anterograde flow into dural sinus

IIa

Retrograde flow into dural venous sinus(es)

B

Shunts to the cavernous sinus from branches of the ICA

IIb

Anterograde flow into dural venous sinus and retrograde filling of cortical vein(s)

IIa + b

Retrograde drainage into sinus(es) and cortical vein(s)

C

Shunts to the cavernous sinus from branches of the ECA

III

Direct drainage into cortical veins without venous ectasia

IV

Direct drainage into cortical veins with venous ectasia (> 5 mm and 3 times larger than diameter of draining vein)

D

Shunts from both the ICA and ECA simultaneously

V

Drainage to spinal perimedullary veins

  1. Abbreviations: ICA Internal Carotid Artery, ECA External Carotid Artery. Adapted from References 7 and 9