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Fig. 1 | The Journal of Headache and Pain

Fig. 1

From: Differential alteration of fMRI signal variability in the ascending trigeminal somatosensory and pain modulatory pathways in migraine

Fig. 1

Group differences of resting-state BOLD signal variability (BOLDSV) within the frequency of 0.01–0.198 Hz. a Brain regions displaying increased BOLDSV in MIG patients compared with HCs. Significant thalamic clusters are overlaid on the left PuM, VPM, and right VPM (yellow mask) of the Morel’s histology-based atlas for visualization purpose (middle). The left thalamic cluster includes both PuM and VPM. Separate voxel-wise permutation tests were performed for the SpV mask (blue), which was created with 5-mm sphere ROI in the left (x, y, z: − 6, − 40, − 50) and right (x, y, z: 6, − 40, − 50) SpV [40]. Significant clusters (yellow) were identified using a threshold-free cluster enhancement (p < 0.05, FWE-corrected) (bottom). b Brain regions displaying decreased BOLDSV in MIG patients compared with HC. All statistical images are displayed with significant clusters (voxel-level threshold p < 0.001 and cluster-level extent threshold p < 0.05, FWE-corrected). Bar graphs were expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean. Mean BOLDSV (Z) was extracted from a 3-mm sphere around the peak voxel of each significant cluster. Gray squares/bars represent MIG patients (n = 20), white squares/bars represent HC subjects (n = 26). MIG patients were divided into EM (n = 13) or CM (n = 7) group for further comparison. ‡p < 0.05 (FWE-corrected). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 for unpaired t-test. dpINS, dorsal posterior insula; S/MTG, superior and middle temporal gyrus; SpV, spinal trigeminal nucleus; Thal, thalamus; VPM, ventral posteromedial nucleus; PuM, medial pulvinar nucleus; Hippo, hippocampus; dlPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; IPC, inferior parietal cortex; L, left; R, right; MIG, migraine; HC, healthy control; EM, episodic migraine; CM, chronic migraine

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