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Fig. 2 | The Journal of Headache and Pain

Fig. 2

From: Migraine and sleep disorders: a systematic review

Fig. 2

Interaction between migraine and insomnia. Available evidence suggests the existence of a bidirectional association between migraine and insomnia that is independent from anxiety and depression. Migraine patients are at increased risk of developing insomnia, and insomnia is a risk factor for migraine onset and for increased migraine impact, pain intensity, and chronification. Routine evaluation of the presence of insomnia complaints in patients with migraine and implementation of specific pharmacological and non-pharmacological insomnia treatments would be appropriate since a reduction of migraine burden might be observed

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