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Table 3 Multivariate logistic analysis to identify independent variables affecting increase in migraine frequency and severity (n = 1018)

From: Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on patients with migraine: a web-based survey study

Variables

Increase in migraine frequency

Increase in migraine severity

AOR (95%CI)

p-value

AOR (95%CI)

p-value

Gender (female)

0.769 (0.491–1.203)

0.250

0.643 (0.419–0.986)

0.043*

Disease onset

0.984 (0.965–1.003)

0.089

0.978 (0.960–0.996)

0.018*

Difficulty in getting medications

1.012 (0.715–1.810)

0.040*

1.271 (0.872–1.853)

0.002*

Non-compliance to treatment

0.579 (0.418–0.804)

0.001*

1.655 (1.204–2.274)

0.002*

Medication overuse

11.603 (8.403–16.023)

< 0.001*

8.179 (5.963–11.218)

< 0.001*

Sleep disturbance

2.113 (1.375–3.248)

0.001*

1.562 (1.041–2.344)

0.031*

Eating habits disturbance

1.702 (1.178–2.459)

0.005*

1.778 (1.247–2.536)

0.001*

Symptoms of anxiety and/or depression

1.257 (0.823–1.918)

0.290

1.558 (1.043–2.329)

0.030*

Use of traditional medicine

1.465 (1.049–2.045)

0.071

1.361 (0.984–1.882)

0.063

Working during pandemic

1.356 (1.169–2.368)

0.005*

1.241 (0.906–1.699)

0.001*

Lack of communication with treating physician

1.983 (0.898–2.730)

0.001*

1.776 (0.898–2.938)

0.001*

Lack of regular exercise

1.257 (0.898–1.761)

0.183

1.223 (0.898–1.412)

0.234

  1. AOR: Adjusted odds ratio
  2. CI: Confidence interval
  3. *: Statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05