Table 2 Crude (observed) 1-year prevalences (% [95% CIs]) of all headache and each headache type, overall and according to demographic variables, and gender- and age-adjusted prevalences
From: The prevalence of headache disorders in children and adolescents in Ethiopia: a schools-based study
All headache (n = 1726) | Migraine (n = 900) | TTH (n = 477) | pMOH (n = 4) | Other headache on ≥ 15 d/m (n = 25) | UdH (n = 298) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Observed prevalences (% [95% CI]) | ||||||
Overall (N = 2344) | 73.7 [71.9–75.5] | 38.4 [36.4–40.4] | 20.3 [18.7–21.9] | 0.2 [< 0.1–0.4] | 1.1 [0.7–1.5] | 12.7 [11.4–14.0] |
Gender | ||||||
male (n = 1157) | 71.0 [68.4–73.6] | 36.2 [33.4–39.0] | 20.0 [17.7–22.3] | 0.2 [0.0–0.5] | 1.0 [0.4–1.6] | 12.6 [10.7–14.5] |
female (n = 1187) | 76.2 [73.8–78.6] | 40.5 [37.7–43.3] | 20.7 [18.4–23.0] | 0.2 [0.0–0.5] | 1.1 [0.5–1.7] | 12.8 [10.9–14.7] |
Age group (years) | ||||||
6–11 (n = 1011) | 68.4 [65.5–71.3] | 40.0 [37.0–43.0] | 17.1 [14.9–19.4] | 0.1 [0.0–0.3] | 0.8 [0.3–1.4] | 10.1 [8.2–12.0] |
12–17 (n = 1333) | 77.6 [75.4–80.0] | 37.2 [34.6–38.0] | 22.8 [20.6–25.1] | 0.2 [0.0–0.4] | 1.3 [0.7–1.9] | 14.7 [12.8–16.6] |
Pupils’ home-incomea | ||||||
higher-middle (n = 359) | 86.1 [82.5–90.0] | 46.8 [41.6–52.0] | 21.2 [17.0–25.4] | 0.3 [0.0–0.9] | 1.1 [0.0–2.2] | 14.8 [11.1–18.5] |
middle (n = 604) | 73.3 [69.8–76.8] | 31.6 [27.9–35.3] | 23.8 [20.4–27.2] | 0.5 [0.0–1.1] | 1.3 [0.4–2.2] | 15.2 [12.3–18.1] |
lower-middle (n = 573) | 75.7 [72.2–79.2] | 40.8 [36.8–44.8] | 21.1 [17.8–24.4] | 0.0 [0.0–0.0] | 1.2 [0.3–2.1] | 11.3 [8.7–13.9] |
low (n = 808) | 66.8 [63.6–70.1] | 38.0 [34.7–41.4] | 16.8 [14.2–19.4] | 0.0 [0.0–0.0] | 0.7 [0.1–1.3] | 10.9 [8.8–13.0] |
School locality | ||||||
urban (n = 849) | 79.6 [76.9–82.3] | 43.3 [40.0–46.6] | 21.2 [18.5–24.0] | 0.1 [0.0–0.3] | 1.2 [0.5–1.9] | 12.7 [10.5–14.9] |
semi-rural (n = 1173) | 71.1 [68.5–73.7] | 35.3 [32.6–38.0] | 20.4 [18.1–22.7] | 0.3 [0.0–0.6] | 1.2 [0.6–1.8] | 13.4 [11.5–15.3] |
rural (n = 322) | 67.1 [62.0–72.2] | 36.6 [31.3–41.9] | 18.0 [13.8–22.2] | 0.0 [0.0–0.0] | 0.3 [0.0–0.9] | 10.2 [6.9–13.5] |
Gender- and age-adjusted prevalences (% [95% CI]) | ||||||
Overall (N = 2344) | 72.8 [71.0–74.6] | 38.6 [36.6–40.6] | 19.9 [18.3–21.5] | 0.2 [< 0.1–0.4] | 1.0 [0.6–1.4] | 12.3 [11.0–13.6] |