Fig. 4
Trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC)-projecting vestibular nuclei (VN) neurons were activated after CM. a Representative images of FG (yellow) co-labeled with c-fos (red) neurons was accumulated predominantly in the superficial layer of the TNC. Quantitative assessments of FG+ neurons (b) and c-fos+/FG+ neurons (c) were significantly increased in the TNC compared with the vehicle group. FOV = 1.02 × 106 μm3. d, e Representative images of immunofluorescence staining and quantification showing the distribution of retrogradely CTB-555 (red) labeled neurons in the VN. f Representative images showing three glutamate (green) immunofluorescent and FG (yellow)-immunolabeled globular, multipolar and fusiform neurons in the TNC projecting to the VN. g Representative images showing a GABA (red) immunofluorescent and FG (yellow)-immunolabeled elliptical neuron in the TNC projecting to the VN. (a: left row) Scale bar = 1 mm, (a: right row) Scale bar = 50 μm, d Scale bar = 100 μm, f, g Scale bar = 5 μm; *P < 0.05 compared with vehicle, n = 8/group. Data are mean ± SEM. Student’s t-test. V: ventricle