Fig. 1

Recurrent nitroglycerine (NTG) injection induced thermal hyperalgesia and vestibular dysfunction. a Timeline of behavior studies’ protocol. b Basal and post-treatment responses (c) of hindpaw thermal hyperalgesia were markedly increased in a time dependent manner after NTG injection. d Head grooming time was significantly increased in NTG-treated rats compared with vehicle-treated group. Balance beam walk (e), geotaxis reflex (f) and vestibular dysfunction scores (g) showing that repeated NTG administration produced significant impairments in dynamic and static postural control compared with the vehicle group. n = 8/group. Data are mean ± SEM. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey; *p < 0.05 compared with vehicle, #p < 0.05 compared with before NTG injection