The impact of remission and coexisting migraine on anxiety and depression in cluster headache

Table 3 Association of cluster headache and coexisting migraine with depression

	Any depression (PHQ-9 scores ≥5)				Moderate-to-severe depression (PHQ-9 scores ≥10)
	Crude OR (95% CI)	P	aOR (95% CI)	P	Crude OR (95% CI)	P	aOR (95% CI)	P
Presence of CH^a
Control	reference		reference		reference		reference
CH	2.80 (1.71–4.59)	< 0.001	2.95 (1.72–5.07)	< 0.001	3.85 (1.98–7.47)	< 0.001	4.95 (2.32–10.57)	< 0.001
Category of CH and migraine^b
Control without migraine	reference		reference		reference		reference
Control with migraine	3.57 (1.49–8.57)	0.004	3.24 (1.31–8.05)	0.011	6.66 (1.67–26.58)	0.007	6.07 (1.45–25.31)	0.013
CH without migraine	4.73 (2.47–9.05)	< 0.001	4.20 (2.16–8.18)	< 0.001	9.84 (2.97–32.62)	< 0.001	8.63 (2.55–29.18)	0.001
CH with migraine	4.43 (1.76–11.11)	0.002	4.07 (1.58–10.52)	0.004	16.47 (4.23–64.06)	< 0.001	16.88 (4.16–68.38)	< 0.001

^aAdjustment for age, female sex, current smoking, alcohol drinking, and coexisting migraine
^bAdjustment for age, female sex, current smoking, and alcohol drinking
Abbreviations: aOR Multivariable-adjusted odds ratio; CH Cluster headache; CI Confidence interval; OR Odds ratio; PHQ-9 Patient Health Questionnaire (9-item scale)

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