Table 3 Final hierarchical pain predictive model
|  | Model 4: significant baseline and follow-up predictors (N = 13,545) | |
|---|---|---|
OR (95%CI) | Z (p-value) | |
Baseline Variables | ||
 Female gender | 1.34 (1.18–1.51) | 4.61 (<.001) |
 Engage in vigorous exercise | 2.51 (2.18–2.89) | 12.71 (<.001) |
 Bereavement | 1.88 (1.65–2.15) | 9.39 (<.001) |
 Obesity | 1.36 (1.18–1.57) | 4.20 (<.001) |
Follow-up Variables | ||
 Low energy level/Fatigue | 1.93 (1.68–2.20) | 9.27 (<.001) |
 Self-rated health – average to moderate (vs. good) | 1.57 (1.36–1.82) | 6.04 (<.001) |
 Self-rated health – poor (vs. good) | 2.20 (1.71–2.83) | 6.13 (<.001) |
 Difficulties with walking | 1.69 (1.43–1.99) | 6.12 (<.001) |
 Sleep problems | 1.80 (1.58–2.05) | 8.97 (<.001) |