Table 1 Final regression model sample description

Age, mean ± sd

[median: interquartile range]

59.8 ± 14.4

[64: 52–71]

60.62 ± 13.0

[62: 53–70]

60.1 ± 13.9

[63: 53–70]

65.5 ± 13.9

[70: 59–75]

64.9 ± 12.6

[66: 57–74]

65.3 ± 13.5

[68: 57–75]

Sex

(N = 13,545)

(N = 13,545)

 Male

49.8%

41.9%

46.7%

49.8%

41.9%

46.7%

 Female

50.2%

58.1%

53.3%

50.2%

58.1%

53.3%

Marital status

(N = 13,529)

(N = 13,526)

 Married/cohabiting

71.1%

71.4%

71.2%

67.2%

67.2%

67.2%

 Single

8.3%

8.0%

8.2%

7.5%

7.8%

7.6%

 Divorced/Separated

7.1%

7.1%

7.1%

7.7%

7.3%

7.6%

 Widow

13.5%

13.5%

13.5%

17.6%

17.7%

17.6%

Education

(N = 11,384)

(N = 9931)

 Primary or less

28.6%

38.3%

32.5%

20.3%

31.6%

24.9%

 Secondary or above

71.4%

61.7%

67.5%

79.7%

68.4%

75.1%

Retired

(N = 12,984)

(N = 12,974)

31.2%

34.3%

32.5%

41.9%

40.5%

41.3%

Household wealth quintile

(N = 13,140)

(N = 10,175)

 1 - Lower

15.7%

20.0%

17.4

19.5%

23.3%

21.0%

 2

17.6%

19.0%

18.2

18.4%

21.7%

19.7%

 3

19.7%

17.9%

19.0

20.1%

19.7%

19.9%

 4

23.5%

22.3%

23.0

21.1%

17.5%

19.7%

 5 - Higher

23.5%

20.8%

22.4

20.9%

17.8%

19.7%

Smoking status,

(N = 12,674)

(N = 10,629)

 Never

47.4%

51.4%

48.9%

44.0%

44.2%

44.0%

 Former smoker

31.7%

25.1%

29.3%

39.8%

30.1%

36.9%

 Current

20.9%

23.5%

21.8%

16.2%

25.7%

19.1%

Current alcohol consumption

(N = 13,541)

(N = 13,008)

57.2%

56.8%

57.1%

55.5%

56.0%

55.7%

Engaged in vigorous exercise

(N = 13,545)

(N = 11,901)

25.6%

38.7%

30.7%

21.4%

33.7%

26.3%

Low level of energy/Fatigue

(N = 13,413)

(N = 13,545)

25.7%

34.0%

28.9%

21.6%

43.8%

30.3%

Sleep problems

(N = 13,430)

(N = 13,545)

24.8%

35.9%

29.1%

25.8%

45.1%

33.3%

Difficulty walking by yourself

(N = 12,972)

(N = 13,545)

8.4%

11.6%

9.7%

14.1%

25.9%

18.7%

Self-reported health

(N = 12,818)

(N = 13,545)

 Poor

3.5%

7.5%

5.1%

4.8%

15.1%

8.9%

 Average/Fair/Moderate

19.6%

27.2%

22.6%

21.7%

34.6%

26.7%

 Good

76.9%

65.3%

72.3%

73.5%

50.3%

64.4%

Recent falls

(N = 9656)

(N = 10,092)

26.2%

64.6%

42.4%

30.7%

68.2%

46.3%

Evaluative wellbeing,

(N = 7178)

(N = 9467)

 Low

5.7%

22.2%

14.4%

6.3%

25.0%

15.2%

 Middle

20.8%

27.9%

24.5%

18.6%

28.2%

23.2%

 High

73.5%

49.9%

61.1%

75.1%

46.8%

61.6%

Diabetes

(N = 11,928)

(N = 12,214)

11.8%

15.7%

13.1%

19.0%

19.6%

19.2%

Respiratory diseases

(N = 13,531)

(N = 12,084)

8.0%

9.2%

8.5%

10.7%

14.0%

12.0%

Hypertension

(N = 13,527)

(N = 12,609)

37.5%

37.4%

37.4%

50.8%

52.8%

51.6%

Joint disorders

(N = 13,537)

(N = 12,688)

26.6%

26.7%

26.6%

347%

44.4%

38.6%

Angina

(N = 3453)

(N = 3453)

1.5%

2.2%

1.7%

2.8%

4.5%

3.4%

Stroke

(N = 13,535)

(N = 12,084)

1.1%

1.9%

1.4%

1.7%

2.7%

2.1%

Cancer

(N = 11,922)

(N = 11,503)

1.7%

3.2%

2.3%

2.3%

4.6%

3.2%

Multimorbidity

(N = 13,544)

(N = 13,096)

27.6%

27.0%

27.3%

38.4%

42.6%

40.1%

Obesity

(N = 13,545)

(N = 11,245)

19.0%

23.1%

20.6%

21.2%

24.5%

22.5%

Depression

(N = 13,302)

(N = 13,451)

10.6%

22.3%

15.2%

10.6%

29.8%

18.1%

Experience of a loss of any close person (bereavement)

(N = 13,545)

(N = 13,536)

28.6%

44.5%

34.8%

33.4%

58.3%

43.1%