Table 5 Burden of headache, acute medication use and health-related quality of life by headache diagnosis (N = 2562)

  Missed whole school day

–

11.0%^a

20.5%^b

11.3%^a

31.3%^c

Chi² = 47.3, p < 0.001

  Left school early

–

7.6%^a

15.2%^b

9.0%^a

24.2%^c

Chi² = 35.6, p < 0.001

  Missed other activities

–

26.8%^a

57.3%^b

34.5%^c

60.2%^b

Chi² = 141.6, p < 0.001

 School performance (mean, SD)^e

2.1 (0.8)^{a, b}

2.1 (0.8)^a

2.3 (0.8)^b

2.2 (0.8)^{a, b}

2.3 (0.90)^b

F = 6.7, p < 0.001

 Participants (%)

–

28.5^a

58.7^b

43.9^c

67.3^b

Chi² = 128.9, p < 0.001

 Number of days (mean, SD)

–

0.8 (2.5)^a

1.8 (2.6)^b

1.0 (1.7)^a

6.5 (7.6)^c

F = 121.4, p < 0.001

 Overall HrQoL

52.9 (10.8)^a

53.9 (9.5)^a

47.5 (11.2)^b

50.6 (10.4)^c

43.1 (11.9)^d

F = 56.3, p < 0.001

  Self-perception

51.0 (9.7)^a

50.9 (9.2)^a

46.4 (10.0)^b

48.2 (9.9)^b

42.9 (10.8)^c

F = 42.3, p < 0.001

  Parent-relation and home life

53.9 (9.2)^a

53.6 (8.7)^a

50.3 (11.1)^b

51.9 (9.7)^{a, b}

44.8 (13.9)^c

F = 31.6, p < 0.001

  Social support and peers

52.6 (9.4)^a

53.1 (8.7)^a

51.6 (9.8)^a

52.1 (8.8)^a

49.6 (13.2)^b

F = 4.8, p = 0.001

  School environment

52.7 (10.5)^{a, c}

53.4 (8.8)^a

48.4 (10.1)^b

50.9 (9.3)^c

45.6 (12.6)^d

F = 39.5, p < 0.001

  Bullying

50.7 (10.6)^a

51.9 (8.9)^a

50.4 (10.2)^a

50.7 (9.7)^a

47.3 (14.3)^b

F = 6.4, p < 0.001