The HUNT4 study: the validity of questionnaire-based diagnoses

Table 3 Sensitivity, specificity and kappa value of questionnaire-based headache criteria sets

Category	Sensitivity n (%)	95% CI	Specificity n (%)	95% CI	Kappa value	95% CI
Headache
Headache suffering^a	40/42 (95)	89–100	131/182 (72)	65–79	0.46	0.33–0.59
Headache suffering^a > 1 day/month	38/42 (90)	81–99	146/182 (80)	74–86	0.55	0.41–0.69
Headache^a > 15 days/month	3/8 (38)	0–81	212/216 (98)	92–100	0.38	0.15–0.61
Headache^a > 15 days/month with MOH^b	1/2 (50)	0–100	222/222 (100)	99–100	0.67	0.02–1.00
Migraine
Self-reported lifetime migraine^c	42/71 (59)	42–72	151/152 (99)	98–100	0.65	0.55–0.75
Self-reported migraine during last year	21/42 (50)	34–66	177/182 (97)	95–99	0.55	0.39–0.71
Restrictive^d migraine during last year	20/42 (48)	32–63	170/182 (93)	90–96	0.45	0.28–0.62
Restrictive^d migraine > 1 day/month	16/32 (50)	32–68	182/192 (94)	91–97	0.49	0.30–0.68
Restrictive^d migraine with visual aura	7/21 (33)	11–55	191/203 (94)	91–97	0.29	0.03–0.55
Liberal^e migraine during last year	27/42 (64)	49–79	169/182 (93)	90–96	0.58	0.43–0.73
Tension-type headache (TTH)^f
TTH > 1 day/month	14/14 (100)	95–100	154/210 (73)	68–78	0.33	0.17–0.49
TTH > 15 days/month without MOH	1/6 (17)	0–60	218/218 (100)	99–100	0.28	0.00–0.90

^a Comparing answers of the screening question: “Have you suffered from headache during the last year” in the questionnaire and in the interview
^b MOH Medication overuse headache): Use of analgesics ≥4 times per week during the last month
^c Comparing questionnaire-based information about lifetime migraine with confirmed diagnoses of previous or active migraine in the interview
^d ICHD-3 modified migraine criteria (accepted duration less than 4 h)
^e Self-reported migraine, or fulfilled the restrictive criteria
^fTension-type headache (without co-existence of migraine)

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