Table 1 Main results and main themes of selected publications
From: A narrative review on the burden of migraine: when the burden is the impact on people’s life
Reference | Country | Sample size | Main themes | Study’s main results | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prevalence | Overall impact | Work/school impact | Family impact | Interictal burden | Cost | ||||
Raggi 2018 [39] | Italy | 373 | √ | √ | A new questionnaire to address migraine impact on work-related activities is presented. | ||||
Al-Hashel 2017 [21] | Kuwait | 3588 | √ | √ | √ | Prevalence of EM in Kuwait is 23.1%; patients lost 2 workdays/3 M and further 4.2 of household and leisure activities | |||
D’Amico 2018 [40] | Italy | 194 | √ | √ | CM patients with 2+ comorbidities showed lower QoL and higher disability compared to those with one or less comorbidities, and were more likely to be unemployed (73.7% vs 25.8%) | ||||
Rastenytė 2017 [22] | Lithuania | 137 | √ | √ | √ | Prevalence of EM in Lithuania was 18.8%, for pMOH 3.2%; patients lost 2.8 workdays/3 M and further 6.5 of household and leisure activities | |||
Lipton 2017 [63] | US | 13,064 | √ | A new questionnaire to address migraine impact on partners and adolescent children is presented. | |||||
D’Amico 2017 [59] | Italy | 135 | √ | √ | CM patients at the time of withdrawal lost 22.3 workdays/3 M; one-year CM cost was estimated at 10730€, and 61% of that cost was indirect | ||||
Steiner 2016 [23] | India | 615 | √ | √ | Prevalence of EM in Karnataka was 25.2%, for pMOH 1.2%; the day before, 14% of patients lost all productive time, and 47% lost more than half | ||||
Lampl 2016 [9] | EU countries | 3208 | √ | Interictal burden was reported by 10–26% of EM patients and by 29–41% of pMOH. | |||||
Messali 2016 [41] | US | 1205 | √ | √ | √ | Patients lost 0.9 workdays/3 M and further 8.4 of household activities. Total cost of EM was 2649$/year, of CM 8243$/year; 60–64% of cost was due to direct medical costs | |||
Raggi 2016 [42] | Italy | 80 | √ | A new questionnaire to address psycho-social difficulties in brain disorders is used in EM patients for the first time; higher levels of PSD were predicted by younger age, higher migraine frequency, higher comorbidities index, and smoking status | |||||
Manandhar 2015 [43] | Nepal | 774 | √ | √ | Patients lost 2.3 workdays/3 M and further 11.4 of household and leisure activities; EM and pMOH patients had worse QoL compared to non-headache patients. | ||||
Berra 2015 [44] | Italy | 92 | √ | √ | Patients lost 8,8 workdays/3 M and further 12.9 of household activities. Total direct healthcare cost of EM was 521€/year, of CM 2250€/year. | ||||
Pavlović 2015 [45] | US | 1697 | √ | Patients with migraine related to menses reported higher disability and disease impact | |||||
Queiroz 2015 [24] | Brazil | 2345 | √ | Prevalence of EM in Brazil is 15.8%,of pMOH is 6.1%; patients with migraine and pMOH showed higher disability compared to TTH. | |||||
Raggi 2015 [46] | Italy | 194 | √ | CM patients report higher disability compared to normative scores; patients with higher severity report worse QoL and disability; patients lost 6 workdays/3 M and further 20 in homework and leisure activities. | |||||
D’Amico 2015 [47] | Italy | 296 | √ | √ | EM and CM have a relevant impact on work-related difficulties, and patients reporting higher difficulties in work-related tasks also show problems in tasks unrelated to work. | ||||
Wöber-Bingöl 2014 [48] | Austria | 472 | √ | √ | √ | 44.9% of pupils reduced or missed school-days; QoL was worse consistently with headache frequency; parents had to reduce workforce participation to care for children during attacks. | |||
Steiner et al. 2014 [17] | EU countries | 2109 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | Prevalence of EM in EU is 22.2%, of pMOH is 3.3%; patients lost 4.6 workdays/3 M and further 9.8 days of household and leisure activities; overall impact, interictal burden and family burden increased consistently with increased headache frequency. | |
Ayzenberg et al. 2014 [25] | Russia | 411 | √ | √ | √ | Prevalence of EM in Russia is 20.3%; patients lost 0.2 workdays/3 M and further 2 days of household and leisure activities; patients with EM showed higher impact compared to those with TTH and higher indirect costs. | |||
Raggi 2014 [14] | Global | 51,135 | √ | Specific difficulties in work-related tasks are poorly addressed and are confined to few activities, the most common being speaking and driving | |||||
Raggi 2012 [13] | Global | 20,852 | √ | EM has a pervasive impact on several life domains, which is influenced by pain severity and headache frequency | |||||
Bloudek 2012 [49] | EU countries | 5657 | √ | √ | Patients with CM reported higher disability compared to those with EM; the average direct cost of EM was 746€/year, that of CM was 2427€/year | ||||
Manhalter 2012 [50] | Hungary | 168 | √ | Patients with EM had lower QoL compared to those with TTH | |||||
Yu 2012 [26] | China | 5041 | √ | √ | √ | Prevalence of EM in China was 9.3%, of pMOH was 1.6%; patients with EM and pMOH had worse QoL and higher disability compared to TTH and no-headache; EM and pMOH had higher cost compared to TTH | |||
Silva Junior 2012 [27] | Brazil | 47 | √ | Prevalence of migraine (EM and CM) is 18.2% | |||||
Buse 2012 [51] | US | 6927 | √ | CM has higher impact compared to EM | |||||
Linde 2012 [66] | EU countries | 2844 | √ | The mean per person annual cost of EM was 1222€, that of MOH was 3561€; indirect cost accounted for more than 90% of total cost | |||||
Cooke 2010 [28] | Canada | 1210 | √ | Migraine prevalence among females in Canada is 26% | |||||
Stovner 2010 [29] | EU countries | 170,000 | √ | Prevalence of EM is estimated at 14.7% among adults and at 9.2% among children; prevalence of pMOH is estimated at 4% among adults and around 1% among children | |||||
Leonardi 2010 [52] | Italy | 102 | √ | EM patients report lower QoL and higher disability compared to normative scores; patients with higher severity report worse QoL and disability; patients lost 6 workdays/3 M and further 20 in homework and leisure activities. | |||||
Munakata 2009 [60] | US | 7796 | √ | √ | Patients with EM lost 4.7 workdays/year, those with CM 26.7; per-person/year cost of EM was 1757$, of CM was 7750$ | ||||
Radtke 2009 [30] | Germany | 769 | √ | √ | Prevalence of migraine in Germany is 10.6%; compared to other headache sufferers, migraineurs were more likely to report higher disability rates, consume more analgesics and attend medical consultation | ||||
Stovner 2006 [31] | Global | 5465 | √ | Prevalence of EM was 14%, of CM 4% | |||||
Dueland 2005 [32] | Global | 760 | √ | √ | Prevalence of EM was 42% in young women; 86% reported negative impact on daily life activities | ||||
Lipton 2005 [33] | Global | 18,897 | √ | Prevalence of EM was 9.2% | |||||
Bussone 2004 [53] | Italy | 414 | √ | √ | Patients with CM reported higher disability compared to those with EM; patients lost 13.1 workdays/3 M and further 30.3 of household and leisure activities. | ||||
Vicente-Herrero 2004 [61] | Spain | 436 | √ | √ | After an on-work consultation (acute and prophylactic treatment plus lifestyle-related advices) patients reduced the total workdays lost equivalent from 0.5 days/month to 0.1; total per-migraine headache productivity cost was reduced from 34.5€ to 4.6€. | ||||
Pradalier 2004 [34] | France | 880 | √ | √ | √ | Prevalence of EM in France is 7.9%,of pMOH 3%; EM patients lost 0.5 workdays/3 M and further 0.6 of reduced productivity; total direct cost of EM was 128€/year | |||
MacGregor 2004 [54] | Global | 866 | √ | √ | √ | Patients lost 5.5 workdays/3 M and further 13.4 days of household and leisure activities; most of partners of patients reported that living with a migraineur has moderate/strong impact on family life and leisure time | |||
Stonks 2004 [65] | The Netherlands | 24 | √ | During inter-ictal periods, compared with healthy controls migraine patients spent relatively less time being active and, when active, their overall body mobility was lower; they also reported higher sleepiness and lower vigour | |||||
Ware 2003 [55] | US/UK | 221 | √ | Patients with migraine reported higher HIT-6 scores compared to patients with other headache disorders | |||||
Lipton 2003 [56] | US/UK | 389 | √ | √ | Approximately half of the patients reported limitations in daily family activities; the majority reported limitations in activities dealing with children. | ||||
Edmeads 2002 [62] | US | 1079 | √ | √ | Patients missed approximately 50% more workdays compared to controls, attended more outpatient visits and ER access, and reported global disease cost at 1242$/year, 3,4% higher compared to non-migraine controls | ||||
Lipton 2001 [35] | Global | 10,654 | √ | √ | Prevalence of migraine in the general population across studies was 8.3%, higher in women than in men (between + 7% and + 279%); on average, direct cost was between 100 and 800$ per patient/year | ||||
Gerth 2001 [57] | Global | 2604 | √ | √ | Patients lost 4.9 workdays/3 M and further 4 days of household activities | ||||
Lipton 2001 [36] | US | 6915 | √ | √ | Prevalence of migraine in US population is around 12%; more than half of patients reported severe disability/bed rest as impact of migraine | ||||
Michel 1997 [58] | France | 989 | √ | √ | A total of 49.1% of migraine patients reported health impairment, which was higher than healthy controls; also, patients showed higher anxiety levels and lower QoL. Migraineurs were more likely to report sick leave compared to controls (73% vs. 65.7%) and to lose more than 8 workdays/year (61% vs. 49%). Finally, they reported lower work performance | ||||
Solomon et al. 1997 [37] | Global | 6794 | √ | √ | √ | Prevalence of migraine is 10.7%; migraineurs reported worse QoL scores; patients with migraine lost between 2 and 7 workdays per year | |||
Abu-Arefeh et al. 1994 [38] | UK | 159 | √ | √ | Migraine prevalence among school-aged children was 10.6%; children with migraine lost 4.1 schooldays because of migraine | ||||