Fig. 1

Neuroimaging findings in a representative patient with TN secondary to MS possibly due to a double crush mechanism. 3D time-of-flight (TOF) magnetic resonance angiography scans (a) and 3D constructive interference in the steady state (CISS) T2-weighted (b) on the axial plane demonstrate left neurovascular compression (NVC) with associated trigeminal nerve atrophy. T2-weighted image on the axial plane shows a hyperintense pontine lesion at the left trigeminal nerve root entry zone (REZ) (c). The arrow indicates the trigeminal nerve (b) and the arrowhead the demyelinating plaque (c). Reproduced from [16]