Table 3 Synthesis of results

Bond 2018 [24]

N = 54

MWA/O, ICHD-III

≥ 3 attacks/m

4–20 migraine d/m (3m)

16w BWL program

250min./w

5x/w home-based

Moderate

N = 56

Migraine education

Self-management

4m

Number of migraine days: /

Pain intensity: + 20%

Attack duration: + 23%

All results: NS^a

Overweight or obese (BMI = 25–49.9 kg/m²)

Preventive/abortive pharmacological treatment if stable regimen ≥2m

Darabaneanu 2011 [25]

N = 8

MWA/O, ICHD-II

≥ 2 attacks/m

Prior:

No aerobic training

10w jogging

50min.

3x/w supervised

1/3 @ home

60–75%

VO₂peak

N = 8

No intervention

8w

Number of migraine days: − 39%

Pain intensity: − 20%

Attack duration: − 20%

Dropout 50%

Hanssen 2017 [26]

N = 30

I1 = 15 (HIT)

I2 = 15 (MCT)

EM without aura, ICHD-IIIb

Prior:

No regular exercise

No prophylaxis 8w

12w HIT (4 times)

2x/w 4min. 90%

3min. rest 70%

12w MCT, 2x/w 45min.

2x/w supervised

HIT:

90–95% HR

MCT:

70% HR

N = 15

Maintain daily physical activity and physical activity recommendations

/

Number of migraine days:

−29% (MCT)

− 63% (HIT)

Pain intensity: /

Attack duration: /

All results: NS^a

Krøll 2018 [29]

N = 36

EM and CM combined with NP and TTH, ICHD-IIIb

≥ 2 attacks/m

3m cycling/cross-training/brisk walking/running

3x/w 45min.

1x/w supervised

2/3 @ home/gym

RPE scale 14–16

N = 36

Maintain daily physical activity

3m

Number of migraine days: −22%

Pain intensity: − 20%

Attack duration: − 23%

Participants engaged in some form of exercise activity could continue. Preventive and acute medication allowed.

Santiago 2014 [27]

N = 24

CM, ICHD-II

Prior:

No exercise for 3m

No prophylaxis

12w fast walking + amitriptyline (25mg/d)

3x/w 40min.

supervised weekly by telephone

Aerobic

(HR + Borg)

N = 26

25mg/d amitriptyline

12w

Number of migraine days: − 78%

Pain intensity: − 54%

Attack duration: − 27%

Amitriptyline use (TCA)

Varkey 2011 [28]

N = 16

MWA/O, ICHD-II

2–8 attacks/m

> 1y migraine

^b before age of 50

Prior:

< 1x/w exercise 12w

12w indoor cycling

3x/w 40min. supervised

≥ 2/3 @home

RPE scale

14–16

N = 31

Relaxation (N = 14)

5-20min./w

Topiramate (N = 17)

25mg/w - 200mg/d

10-12m

Number of migraine days: −28%

Pain intensity: − 18%

Attack duration: /

All results: NS^a

50% of all ITT patients have 6m FU